STATISTICS
| No.2 (40) | 2025 Nasirova R.I., Hajiyeva A.I.
Abstract: Obesity is one of the urgent problems of modern healthcare, causing a number of serious diseases and significantly affecting the quality of life of people. Currently, one of the most effective methods of treating obesity is bariatric surgery. The perioperative period of these surgical interventions sets very multifaceted goals for anesthesiologists and requires a special approach. The aim of this review is to evaluate the anesthesiological aspects of the perioperative period during bariatric surgery, to present modern approaches that ensure patient safety and optimal outcome. In the preoperative stage, difficult airway, obstructive sleep apnea and assessment of comorbidities are important. In the intraoperative period, videolaryngoscopy, optimal ventilation, positioning and opioid-free analgesia methods are recommended. In the postoperative stage, multimodal analgesia, respiratory monitoring and early mobilization improve patient outcomes. The application of evidence-based anesthesiological approaches during bariatric surgery contributes to reducing perioperative complications and accelerating rehabilitation. Anesthesiologist-surgeon collaboration and an individualized approach are the basis of this process. The article discusses the impact of obesity on anesthetic management, important problems arising in the perioperative period, their modern solutions and directions for future research. Nasirova R.I., Hajiyeva A.I.
Abstract: The vertical preparation technique is used in dentistry for aesthetic and biologically oriented prosthetic treatment, mainly for crowns and veneers. It preserves tooth structure by working at the level of the gingiva or slightly below it, creating a smooth interface that promotes better healing and harmony with the surrounding tissues. This approach ensures the longevity of restorations and a natural appearance, especially when combined with the BOPT (Biologically Oriented Preparation Technique) concept. Zirconium dioxide is one of the strongest materials used for crown fabrication. It is four times stronger than conventional ceramics while not inferior in terms of aesthetic properties. When prosthetic treatment of anterior teeth is required in cases of periodontal disease, dentists often recommend zirconia crowns. A major advantage of this material is its ability to prevent bacterial accumulation near the gingiva. Another important aspect is that tooth reduction is significantly less compared to crowns made from other materials. The article presents clinical research data confirming the effectiveness of zirconia crowns in the treatment of patients with periodontitis, as well as the results of using the Vertiprep technique in combination with such crowns. Mehdizadeh S.Q., Vekilov V.N.
Abstract: As molecular profiling and targeted therapies expand in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), MET alterations have gained increasing clinical relevance; however, uncertainties regarding their prognostic implications continue to make this topic highly pertinent. Objective. To perform a comprehensive analysis of the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with NSCLC harboring MET gene mutations, and to evaluate the potential association of these mutations with tumor aggressiveness and risk factors, including smoking. Materials and Methods. This retrospective study included 187 patients who underwent molecular analysis of FFPE samples using real-time PCR between 2014 and 2024. MET mutations were identified in 16 patients. Patients were stratified by age, sex, histological grade, and smoking status, and statistical analyses were performed. Results and Discussion. The majority of patients with MET mutations were over 65 years old, with a predominance of males. High histological grade (G3–G4) was observed in 81.25% of cases. While 56.25% of patients had a history of smoking, ROC analysis did not show a statistically significant association between tobacco use and tumor aggressiveness. These findings highlight the complex clinical impact of MET mutations and the need for further investigation. Conclusion. The study emphasizes the importance of molecular diagnostics and personalized therapy. Further research is recommended to clarify the prognostic and therapeutic role of MET mutations. Babayeva G.H., Ibrahimli H.İ.
Abstract: The problem of early diagnosis, timely and adequate medical care for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains a pressing area in internal medicine practice. Aim of the study. To study the clinical course and conservative treatment options in patients with IBD in Azerbaijan. Material and Methods. A database of 446 patients (ulcerative colitis (n=231), Crohn diseases (n=190), microscopic colitis (n=20), and non-differentiated colitis (n=5) from various regions of the country who underwent laboratory, endoscopic, and pathological examinations was analyzed. Results. The demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of this patient group, including the average age at disease onset and the time (minimum and maximum) of diagnosis, disability status, clinical course characteristics (including complications and extraintestinal manifestations), and conservative treatment options were analyzed. Conclusion. The prevalence of severe/complicated forms among primary patients, difficulties in differential diagnosis, and lack of continuity at the stages of medical care make it necessary to create a single national clinical registry of patients with IBD. Аghazada H.R., Cascone P., Di Paolo C., Аghazada A.R.
Abstract: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) plays a key role in the masticatory system, and TMJ-related pain is a common concern in dental practice. This study aims to conduct a clinical and statistical analysis of TMJ pain syndromes and their epidemiological characteristics across three time intervals: 1990–1993, 2000–2003, and 2010–2013. A total of 387 patients were randomly selected for analysis. Demographic, clinical, and functional parameters were evaluated. The findings highlight changes in the presentation of TMJ pain and the distribution of associated risk factors over the studied decades. Khidirov E.A., Isaev N.N.
Abstract: Objective. To investigate the immunohistochemical characteristics of blood vessels and parenchymal cells depending on the grade, region, and morphological type of breast cancer in women. Material and Methods. Thirty cases of breast cancer were examined (tubular carcinoma – 10, mucinous carcinoma – 10, scirrhous carcinoma – 10). The obtained data were subjected to variational-statistical analysis. Immunohistochemical methods were employed to identify intratumoral vessels and detect endothelial cells. Results. The study established that in tubular breast carcinoma, depending on stage and region, the following indicators were obtained for the central zone: Grade I – 3.42 ± 0.47%; Grade II – 4.10 ± 0.66%; Grade III – 5.24 ± 0.74%. In scirrhous breast carcinoma, CD31 expression levels in the central zone ranged as follows: Grade I – 1.71 to 4.81; Grade II – 2.20 to 5.90; Grade III – 3.31 to 7.50. Examination of the immunohistochemical features of mucinous carcinoma showed that expression levels in the central zone ranged within: Grade I – 1.41 to 4.50; Grade II – 1.72 to 4.70; Grade III – 0.51 to 6.91. Conclusion. It was determined that CD31 expression in tumor tissue varies substantially, mainly depending on the degree of tumor differentiation; it increases with rising malignancy grade. Kurbanova N.F., Aslanova V.A., Abdiyeva Y.C., Maharramova S.M.
Abstract: Among the clinical forms of allergic conjunctivitis most commonly observed in patients, pollinotic (seasonal) conjunctivitis continues to hold a leading position. Accurate diagnosis, as well as adequate and timely treatment, helps prevent the development of complications such as scarring of the conjunctiva and eyelids. In 49.3% of patients, prominent papillary hypertrophy regressed within 2–3 weeks during the course of treatment.The main drugs used in allergic conjunctivitis are antihistamines and medications that prevent mast cell degranulation. In addition, to prevent the development of complications in these patients, the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, liposomal eye drops-such as cyclosporine A and combined preparations with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects is considered appropriate. Kazimova M.M., Gadimova E.A., Yusifova N.Y., Alizade G.A., Huseynov G.A.
Abstract: Objective of the study. To investigate the specific features of the prevalence level of hemophilia in the economic and administrative regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Materials and methods. The study used data from the hemophilia registry for the following economic regions: Lankaran, Nakhchivan, Sheki-Zagatala, and Guba-Khachmaz, as well as their administrative districts. The prevalence rate of hemophilia (per 100,000 population) was determined by age groups (0–4, 5–13, 14–18, 19–44, ≥45 years). The age-related dynamics were described using a polynomial equation. Results. The prevalence level of hemophilia ranges from 7.5±0.90/100,000 to 10.8±1.40/100,000 (p<0.05) in economic regions, and from 1.8±1.80/100,000 to 22.2±7.40/100,000 (p<0.05) in administrative districts. Depending on the age group, the prevalence of hemophilia varies from “0” to 27.0±11.00/100,000. Conclusions. In the Nakhchivan, Lankaran, Sheki-Zagatala, and Guba-Khachmaz economic regions, hemophilia is less prevalent (≤10.8±1.1 vs. 17.2±0.4/100,000) compared to the country as a whole. In the Sheki, Yardimli, Shabran, and Siyazan districts, the prevalence of hemophilia is relatively high (≥11.8/100,000). The age-related trend of hemophilia prevalence observed in the economic regions does not follow a single direction and is described by regression equations with good approximation. Rustamova K.M., Akhmedova Z.Q.
Abstract: The article presents the results of assessing the state of bone mineral density (BMD) in women with early menopause and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) using ultrasound densitometry and the characteristics of changes in bone mass in these groups. The study included 21 patients with early menopause (Group I), 55 patients with POI (Group II), and 20 women of reproductive age with a regular menstrual cycle (control group). Analysis of the structure of changes in bone mineral density showed that among women in group I, normal bone density was detected in 4.8% of patients, and among women in group II, in 27.3% of patients (p=0.032). Osteopenia was detected in 85.7% of women in group I and in 58.2% of women in group II (p=0.024); osteoporosis was detected in 9.5% of patients in group I and in 14.5% of patients in group II (p=0.563). In women with early menopause and POI, a decrease in bone mineral density was found, predominantly in the range of osteopenic T-score values. The incidence of osteoporosis was comparable in both groups, but women with early menopause tended to have lower Z-score values. The obtained results highlight the need for early diagnosis of bone mineral density disorders and prevention of osteoporosis in women with hypoestrogenic conditions, especially with early onset of menopause. Alakbarov M.M., Rasulova R.I., Babayev P.N., Musayev R.H., Suleymanli G.K., Goyushova N.J.
Abstract: Background. In recent years, changes observed in eating behaviors have highlighted the increasing influence of the social environment, psychological strain, and informational exposure on dietary habits. Investigating this topic is timely in terms of scientifically assessing the social and psychological factors that shape eating behaviors within the national context and promoting a healthy lifestyle. Objective. The aim of this study is to identify the structure of social and psychological factors that shape eating behaviors in Azerbaijan. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted with 320 respondents aged 18–65 years, representing diverse socio-economic backgrounds. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 34 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Varimax rotation was applied for factor analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 and Python. Results. The findings identified four main factors influencing eating behaviors: psychological factors (emotional eating, stress, self-criticism); healthy eating behavior (balanced diet, consumption of fruits and vegetables); unhealthy habits (fast-food consumption, sugary drinks); and social influence (social media, body image pressures). These four factors explain 65.7% of the total variance. A positive correlation was observed between psychological factors and unhealthy habits (r=0.64), as well as a moderate association between social influence and psychological factors (r=0.48). Conclusion. This study demonstrates that eating behaviors in Azerbaijan are shaped by the interaction of social and psychological factors. Social media and body image pressures, along with emotional state and stress, have a significant impact on eating behaviors. These findings provide important insights for the development of future intervention and prevention programs. The results identify key social and psychological factors that should be considered to enhance the effectiveness of public health interventions. Guliyev M.D.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the improved septoplasty proposed by us in a clinical and instrumental comparative aspect. The study included 95 patients who underwent cosmetic surgery of the nose. They were divided into two groups. 48 patients underwent septoplasty using the method proposed by us, and 47 patients underwent traditional septoplasty in the comparison group. Before the operation, symptoms of nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, and sleep disturbance were recorded with high frequency in both groups. There was no statistical difference between the groups before the operation. There was a significant difference between the groups in nasal congestion 3 months after the operation, that is, the development of nasal congestion in the short term differed between the groups. When looking at the complaint of dry throat, no difference was observed between the groups before the operation. After the operation, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups, which indicates that the operation had a different effect on dry throat in the groups. As for headache complaints, there was no statistical difference between the groups both before and after the operation. This means that the operations did not have a different effect on headache between the groups. Although there was a decrease in these parameters in both groups after surgery, this occurred more quickly and consistently in the main group. According to the results of our comprehensive clinical examinations, the main group operated on with the improved septoplasty tactic had a faster recovery, earlier symptom resolution, and higher patient satisfaction. Aghayev E.M., Suleymanov M.Y., Hasanov F.I., Marinchenko Y.V.
Abstract: The Pharmacovigilance is a scientific discipline and practical field with the detection, assessment, investigation, and prevention of side effects or any other problems related to medicinal products. The aim of this manuscript is to examine the fundamentals of the legal framework for pharmacovigilance and characterize the current state of pharmacovigilance. Materials and methods. In this article have been used statistical data in the last 5 years provided by the Center of Analytical Expertise under the Ministry of Health Azerbaijan Republic, reflecting the activities of the pharmacovigilance department. Results. The Statistics of notifications medicinal products causing side events were non-linear and variable haracters, with the highest number of notifications recorded in 2019 (944) and the lowest in 2021 (183). According to ATC codes (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system), the largest number of drugs associated with adverse effects was recorded for systemic antimicrobials (2024), and the smallest for systemic hormonal drugs (16). According to the WHO Drug statistical database it follows that among suspicious drugs that cause side effects by active ingredients, anti-tuberculosis drugs occupy the first place. The dinamic of notifications and warnings of side drug reactions over the 5-year period was unstable. Have been increased the number of published educational materials on pharmacovigilance. Conclusion. A well-developed pharmacovigilance system contributes to further improvement of the results of safe, effective and reliable use of medicines. Etibarlı S.S., Etibarlı S.A., Xəlilzadə R.S., Həsənov N.H.
Abstract: With population aging, the rising burden of osteoporotic vertebral fractures—causing pain, deformity, functional impairment, and potential neurological complications—highlights the need to optimize diagnostic and treatment strategies. The aim of the study. To investigate the role of selected key diagnostic features of spondylography, densitometry, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging in the differential diagnosis of osteoporotic vertebral fractures and in selecting the surgical treatment strategy. Material and Methods. The medical histories of 93 patients who underwent surgical treatment for osteoporotic vertebral fractures at the Teaching Surgery Clinic and Baku Health Center between 2015 and 2024 were reviewed. Results. In 74 patients (79,6%), the primary symptoms included localized pain in different regions of the spine, kyphosis, other deformities, general weakness, and psycho-emotional disorders. In 19 patients (20,4%), neurological symptoms such as movement, sensory, and pelvic organ dysfunctions were observed. Radiological methods used for patient examination included spondylography for all patients (100%), computer tomography for 54 patients (58%), and magnetic resonance tomography for 89 patients (95%). The results of these examinations were analyzed comparatively. Conclusion. Comprehensive clinical and instrumental assessments enable identification of osteoporosis-related pathological fractures, determination of injury-specific characteristics, differential diagnosis, and evaluation of concomitant somatic comorbidities and their severity, thereby facilitating high-quality preoperative planning and improving treatment outcomes. Ashrafov D.S.
Abstract: The development of modern dentistry is primarily associated with the implementation of new technologies and the use of innovative materials for the restoration of dental hard tissues. These materials enable the optimal functional and aesthetic restoration of teeth with a deficiency of hard tissue. The restoration of devital teeth after endodontic treatment is a particularly important issue in dental practice. In this process, the coronal part of the tooth is restored either directly or indirectly. In the direct restoration method, the anatomical form and function of the tooth are restored using composite materials, which ensures a minimally invasive approach and maximum preservation of the tissues. In indirect restoration methods, laboratory-fabricated prosthetic elements such as inlays, onlays, overlays, or crowns are used, providing long-term durability and high aesthetic results. Modern scientific research shows that the use of fiber-reinforced posts in the restoration of devital teeth increases the mechanical strength of the root and prolongs the lifespan of the crown. Additionally, crowns and inlays made from zirconia and other ceramic materials meet aesthetic requirements and cause minimal trauma to the periodontal tissues. Clinical practice confirms the advantages of conservative approaches, as they maximize tooth tissue preservation and reduce the risk of postoperative complications. Aghamuradov S.R., Gasimova F.N., Gudratli Kh.B.
Abstract: Sjögren’s disease is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by exocrine gland involvement leading to mucosal dryness and potential systemic manifestations. Diagnosis is often challenging due to the nonspecific nature of symptoms and variability of disease course. This article presents a clinical case of a patient with Sjögren’s disease, illustrating typical diagnostic difficulties and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. The study emphasizes the role of a comprehensive evaluation combining clinical, laboratory, and instrumental findings for timely diagnosis and effective management. Kuliyeva Z.M., Rustamova L.I.
Abstract: This article provides detailed information on the periods of microbiota formation, factors influencing this process, stages of intestinal colonization by the microbiome, and representatives of the intestinal microflora of an infant. It also shows the importance of using mother's milk to form the child's microbiota, the influence of mother's milk components on this process, including the need to maximize the approximation of the composition of formulas for artificial feeding and the use of more optimal balanced formulas for this purpose. Verdiyev А.А., Zeynalov F.М., Abdullayev F.М., Bayramova S.А.
Abstract: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common and widespread disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies show that disruption of the barrier function of the mucous membrane and disruption of mucus flow into the esophagus are one of the main reasons for refractory treatment. As a result, the optimal treatment of GERD should not consist only of reducing and inhibiting the synthesis of hydrochloric acid. It is also necessary to take measures to restore the barrier function of the esophagus. For this purpose, it is necessary to use cytoprotective agents, one of which is the drug – Alfazox. |
