STATISTICS
| No.1 (39) | 2025 Guliyeva J.E.
Abstract: The tonsils are important organs in the humane immune system, playing a crucial role in protecting against infections. Their cytology can change in various diseases and pathological processes. In clinical cytology, special attention is given to the cellular composition of the tonsils, their immune responses, and their protective functions againist infections. This article discusses the normal cytological characteristic of the tonsils, changes during inflammatory processes, and modern diagnostic approaches. Abdullayev E.Z.
Abstract: This article provides information on selected marketing research studies of antiviral drugs in the global pharmaceutical market. It primarily introduces the concept of antiviral drugs. Due to their importance in conducting marketing research on antiviral drugs, their classification is provided. It is noted that the COVID-19 pandemic has once again proven that the discovery, production, and timely introduction of new antiviral drugs for the treatment of viral diseases to the pharmaceutical market is a critical task. The article reflects marketing research conducted on a range of these drugs with the aim of improving the availability of antiviral drugs. Kamilova N.M., Aliyeva E.O.
Abstract: Uterine fibroids remain one of the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive system, associated with a high frequency of reproductive disorders, anemia syndrome, and the need for surgical intervention. Modern approaches to their diagnosis and treatment are undergoing significant changes in the context of the rapid development of digital technologies. The integration of artificial intelligence into clinical practice for uterine fibroids is considered a promising direction in the development of evidence-based medicine, providing improved diagnostic accuracy, reduced number of unnecessary interventions, and enhanced quality of life for patients. Hasanov R.A., Babayeva G.H., Abdullayeva E.J., Gasimova F.N.
Abstract: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a distinct but interconnected form of gut dysbiosis and often coexists with broader alterations in gut microbiota diversity, particularly in patients with chronic liver disease. Excessive colonization of the small intestine with pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria contributes to increased intestinal permeability, endotoxemia, and systemic inflammation, which exacerbates liver damage. The intestine and liver are closely interconnected, and disturbances in the composition of the gut microbiota can significantly impact liver health (the gut-liver axis). In this review, the authors highlight the main mechanisms of liver damage in SIBO and the risk factors associated with this condition, which influence the clinical severity of viral hepatitis. Veliyeva V.A., Gasimova Z.V., Qasimov O.F.
Abstract: Aim. To evaluate age-related changes in the inclination angles of mandibular third molar germs and to determine their diagnostic significance (sensitivity and specificity) in impacted cases. Material and Methods. The study included 121 patients aged 7–23 years who presented to the orthodontic clinic with malocclusions. Panoramic radiographs were obtained before orthodontic treatment, during treatment, after completion, and during the retention period (ranging from 1 to 5 years). In total, 551 orthopantomograms were retrospectively analyzed, assessing 1085 mandibular third molar germs. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS-26 using variational, dispersion, and ROC-analysis. The null hypothesis was rejected at p<0.050. Results. Mandibular third molar impaction can be predicted from the age of 13 with a sensitivity of 78.3±6.1% and a specificity of 51.8±6.7%. With increasing age, the probability of retention rises, and it can be predicted even at small inclination angles (<40°) with higher sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion. The application of this method in clinical practice improves the effectiveness of prevention of pathological conditions associated with tooth eruption disturbances. Imanov E.A.
Abstract: The article presents data on treatment of decay in permanent teeth with incomplete rood formation in children. Treatment of caries is one of the tasks in dentistry, as effective treatment prevents the development of complications,such as secondary caries. Studies show that the development of secondary caries depends on the characteristics offillings and local resistance of hard dental tissues. In pediatric dentistry, the problem of financing new technologies for treating cavities remains relevant, including the use of fluoride-containing glass ionomer cements (GIC) with increased fluoride content. The study involved 90 children aged 7-12 years with different levels of enamel resistance to caries. A new technique of minimally invasive treatment using GIC Argion Molar AC and a method of deep fluoridation with the drug Gluftored was used. The sensitivity of hard dental tissues to acids and the effectiveness of methods in the clinic were studied. Babayev P.N., Aliyev R.R., Hajizade N.K.
Abstract: Objective. To analyze and implement innovative information technologies (IT) and artificial intelligence (AI) in the process of taking preventive measures against certain diseases resulting from exposure of children and their parents to tobacco smoking. Material and methods. Body parameters (height, weight, chest circumference) were measured in order to identify the physical characteristics of children exposed and not exposed to passive smoking. The study was conducted through a questionnaire survey of schoolchildren. A total of 6,000 questionnaires were distributed to schoolchildren. Only fully completed questionnaires were included in the development. Of these, 2,363 fully completed questionnaires contained responses from 3,895 parents – 1,885 fathers and 2,010 mothers. Depending on the intensity of smoking, all families were divided into 2 groups: 818 families (tobacco-dependent) and 1,545 families (non-tobacco-dependent). The correspondence coefficient – χ2 was also calculated, and information on the onset and duration of exposure to passive smoking among schoolchildren was considered. Results and discussion. Recent years have seen the active introduction of new technologies into medicine. Research aimed at using these technologies to model clinical situations, diagnose, and treat is new and promising. Conclusions. Physicians, in addition to practical skills, must be able to work with medical information systems and artificial intelligence, analyze data, and utilize virtual simulations and telemedicine. Alakbarov M.M., Taghiyeva A.A., Badalova A.O.
Abstract: The study was conducted to assess the attitude of management personnel at various hierarchical levels of management in medical institutions to the administrative management methods used and to identify ways to improve the efficiency of management. The attitude of management personnel to management by administrative methods was comprehensively assessed. It was determined that improving the quality and efficiency of management of medical institutions is closely related to the correct formation of the attitude of management personnel to the management methods of their leader and increasing the leader's knowledge, skills, and competence in the field of proportional, adequate and comprehensive use of leadership styles. Dadasheva N.B.
Abstract: Background. At present, compared to the period before the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a noticeable increase in hospitalization cases among patients presenting with disorders of the ENT organs, particularly nasal functions. The aim: to determine the prevalence of nasal diseases among patients who had had COVID-19. Materials and methods. The study included 392 patients with nasal diseases. All patients had previously had COVID-19. Results. 32.4% of patients were diagnosed with rhinitis, 27.6% with a deviated septum, 9.7% with sinusitis, 5.9% with adenoid vegetation, and 4.3% with nasal polyposis. A combination of diseases was observed in 20.1% of patients, of whom 17.3% had two diseases and 2.8% had three diseases. Acute rhinitis was observed in 3.3% of patients, chronic rhinitis in 29.1%: allergic rhinitis (19.4%), vasomotor type (8.9%), hyperplastic type (0.8%). Acute sinusitis was observed in 1.0% of patients, chronic sinusitis in 8.7%. Hyperplastic sinusitis was observed in 8.9% of patients, purulent sinusitis in 0.8% of patients who sought medical attention. Conclusion. Patients who have had COVID-19 most often develop chronic inflammatory diseases of the nose and associated pathologies. This underscores the need for early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment aimed at preventing complications and improving quality of life. Khidirov E.A., Isayev N.N.
Abstract: Background. Despite the extensive discussion of tumor immunohistochemical characteristics in the medical literature and their undisputed prognostic significance, there is insufficient information on immunohistochemical studies of various forms of breast cancer in women. Objective of the Study. To examine the immunohistochemical features of blood vessels depending on the grade, location, and histological form of breast cancer in women. Materials and Methods. The study included 30 cases of breast cancer (15 medullary and 15 solid forms). Immunohistochemical and electron microscopy methods were used. For this purpose, the monoclonal angiogenesis marker CD31 and the proliferation marker Ki-67 were applied. Results. It was found that CD31 expression in tumor tissue varies significantly, primarily depending on the degree of tumor differentiation—increasing with higher malignancy. In solid forms of cancer, for example, CD31 expression in tumor cells is much more intense than in medullary forms. The expression of the Ki-67 marker is also higher in solid forms compared to medullary forms of breast cancer. Conclusion. The findings indicate that the expression levels of CD31 and Ki-67 in breast cancer tissues increase with tumor malignancy and are significantly higher in solid forms than in medullary ones, reflecting their more aggressive biological behavior.
Abstract: The article studies the effect of phytocomplex used during the treatment of experimental statin hepatitis model on liver enzyme activity, lipids and antioxidant protection. In the study, rats of both sexes weighing between 158-182 g included in the experiment were divided into 4 groups. The first group included 5 intact rats, the second group included 5 animals, and the third group included 15 animals in which an experimental statin hepatitis model was created. The 15 rats in which an experimental statin hepatitis model was created were divided into 3 subgroups. Of the 15 rats in which statin hepatitis was modeled, the first subgroup of group 3 animals received amvastatin for 10 days, the second subgroup for 20 days, and the third control subgroup received only saline. The study showed that the phytocomplex proposed for the treatment and prevention of experimental statin hepatitis has a beneficial effect on the morpho-functional state of the hepatobiliary system in rats at the pathogenetic level, bringing the studied enzyme activity indicators of liver damage, lipid metabolism parameters, lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant activity indices, Catalase) to the optimal level, improving their physical condition and behavioral reactions. Mammadova A.E.
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of radioactive iodine therapy on the quality of life in patients diagnosed with Graves’ disease and toxic adenoma. The findings suggest that radioactive iodine therapy positively influences not only hormonal stabilization but also psychosocial well-being. Specific tools like ThyPRO-39 are recommended for comprehensive clinical monitoring of patient outcomes post-treatment. Hajiyeva N.A.
Abstract: Research in recent years has confirmed that disruption of the microbiome is associated with the emergence of certain risks to human health. Colonization of intestinal microflora begins in infancy and depends on many factors, one of which is the use of antibiotics. The use of antibiotics, especially in the first years of life, disrupts the intestinal microbiocenosis and causes the development of certain diseases. |
