LINKS
STATISTICS
Nasirova R.I., Hummatova A.R.
FEATURES of ANESTHESIA in PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC FOOT
Abstract: To date, there is no consensus on the ideal method of anesthesia and analgesia in the perioperative period in patients with diabetic foot syndrome and lower extremity critical limb ishemia. However, regional anesthesia and peripheral nerve block methods have the greatest advantages.
Keywords: general anesthesia, regional anesthesia, diabetic foot, perifericnevral block
Mirzayeva I.A.
SURFACTANT ASSOCIATED PROTEIN D LEVELS DURING RESPIRATORY FAILURE IN PREMATURE INFANTS
Abstract: Objective. To determine the level of surfactant associated protein D (SP-D) in the blood and tracheobronchial lavage (TBL) of premature infants (PI) with respiratory failure (RF). Materials and methods. The study involved 20 children without respiratory distress (control group — I), 80 very low birth weight infants with respiratory distress [IIa — subgroup with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), IIb — pneumonia], 42 extremely low birth weight infants (IIIa — RDS and IIIb — pneumonia subgroups). The mean gestational age of PI was 29.83±2.37, min. 23, max. 32, birth weight 1202.42±254.96 g, min. 500 g, max. Blood serum (all children) and TBL (only those on invasive ventilation) were collected from infants and SP-D levels were determined using the Human SP-D ELISA Kit from Sun Red Bio (China), statistics were analyzed using the SPSS 20 package. Results. The SP-D level in the early neonatal period in group I was 22.9±12.46 ng/ml. In group IIb, SP-D was 244.41±236.55 ng/ml, 10.6 times higher than in group I (p<0.001), among the subgroups of group II 244.41±236.55 ng/ml in IIb and 65.18±120.35 ng/ml in IIa, the difference was 3.7 times (p<0.01), among the subgroups of group III it was 1.7 times higher in group IIIb (198.82±254.47 ng/ml) compared to group IIIa (117.87±190.62 ng/ml). In 17 patients on respiratory support with invasive ventilation, SP-D was detected in the TBL aspirate at a concentration of 116.58±38.64 ng/ml in subgroup IIIa, which is 2 times higher than in subgroup IIa – 56.50±17.67 ng/ml. Conclusion. Compared to patients with RDS, the increased levels of SP-D in the blood and TBL of patients with pneumonia, and the significantly increased dynamic levels of SP-D in the blood serum of deceased children are considered differential diagnostic and prognostic criteria in respiratory diseases.
Keywords: respiratory distress syndrome, premature infants, surfactant associated proteins, SP-D
Iskenderova S.I.
FREQUENCY AND STRUCTURE OF ERRORS IN ESTABLISHING AND CODING CAUSES OF MORTALITY
Abstract: Objective of the study – To analyze errors in the establishment and coding of causes of mortality. Materials and methods. A random selection of 1500 death records in the city of Baku in 2022 was analyzed. Based on WHO guidelines for determining immediate and underlying causes of mortality, errors in issuing medical certificates for causes of death were identified using an expert method. Results. It was found that the frequency of significant errors ranges from 0.13% to 34.4%. Due to the lack of dynamic monitoring of patients during their lifetime, diagnoses labeled as "unspecified" are most often established. In all cases of death due to trauma, the circumstances of the accidents were not specified. Conclusions. In Azerbaijan, errors in establishing and coding causes of mortality occur in 25.7±1.13% of cases. Heart failure, contrary to WHO requirements, is indicated as an immediate cause of mortality in 16.26±0.95% of cases.
Keywords: cause of mortality, frequency, structure, errors, coding
Hasanova U.F.
NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS IN GASTRIC CANCER PATIENTS IN OLD AND SENIOR AGE
Abstract: One third of the gastric cancer patients are the old and senior age patients. After surgery complications are more common in patients of this age category. The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of providing nutritional support in that age group of patients. The study included 75 patients over 60 years of age who were treated in the abdominal oncology department of the National Oncology Center between 2021 and 2024. Patients were divided into 2 groups, main and control. In the postoperative period intraabdominal and respiratory system complications were noted in 14,3% of in the main group and 25,6% in the control group. Based on the results of the conducted research, nutritional support can be recommended as an important component of treatment in the pre-and early post-operative period of gastric cancer patients.
Keywords: Gastric cancer, senior and old age, eating disorder, enteral and parenteral nutrition
Hasanova G.F.
MODERN METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS
Abstract: As is known, temporomandibular joint disorders are a common pathology. They are widespread among all age groups. According to our observations, this pathology is mainly characteristic of the age group of 20-60 years. Patients were prescribed special treatment methods. Diagnosis was performed based on orthopantomography and computed tomography. Examination methods revealed arthritis in 37 patients and arthrosis in 83 patients. The aim of the work is to eliminate the causative factors leading to the appearance of the main pathology, as well as the application of modern treatment methods.
Keywords: temporomandibular joint, trauma, arthritis, arthrosis
Babayev P.N., Aliyev R.R.
PASSIVE SMOKING OF ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES AMONG CHILDS AS A MEDICAL AND SOCIAL PROBLEM
Abstract: Objective. Not only the harmful effects of passive smoking on open mucosal surfaces, but also the ability to develop various diseases and reduce the immune barrier functions of the body, is a relevant study on passive smoking among children, causing various nosoforms of dental morbidity, which has not yet been conducted in our country in sufficient volume, which is the purpose of this study. Material and methods. By examining anthropometric indicators, it is possible to assess the physical development of the child's body and its compliance with age norms. The identified deviations can be risk factors or signs of some diseases. We decided to determine the measurements of height, weight and chest volume in five secondary schools in Baku using the questionnaire method. Simultaneously with the questionnaire, we examined the outpatient cards of schoolchildren in regional clinics. Results and discussion. According to the data of the fully completed questionnaires, the examined group of schoolchildren sought dental care 2950 times, of which 1050 visits were single, 450 visits were 2-fold, 240 visits were 3-fold, and 70 visits were 4-fold. All 4-fold visits were identified among schoolchildren exposed to passive smoking. Conclusions. Children without sufficient attention from adults are more susceptible to tobacco addiction, spending a lot of time in the company of smoking peers, which leads to such risk factors as obesity, poor nutrition, and mental health disorders. World experience shows that many common forms of diseases in school-age children can be effectively, simply, and inexpensively dealt with by implementing school programs related to health protection and promotion and rational nutrition.
Keywords: electronic cigarettes, nicotine, schoolchildren, passive smoking, lungs, physical development
Ismayilov G.M.
DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY PATIENTS APPLYING LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION
Abstract: Purpose of the study. To evaluate demographic and clinical characterization of diabetic retinopathy patients using laser photocoagulation. Material and methods. The work was carried out retrospectively, case histories of 500 patients were analyzed, information on sex, age, type of diabetes, stage of retinopathy, type of treatment measures was collected. Documented complications after treatment were taken into account. Statistical analysis was performed by methods of qualitative features assessment. Results. The gender difference between patients was significant (40.7±3.3 and 59.3±3.3%; p<0.05). The age structure was dominated by those aged 50-60 years (54.8±3.3%). The cause of retinopathy in 90.9±1.9% of cases was type II diabetes mellitus. The most frequent complications were macular edema (2.3±1.0%), conjunctivitis (4.5±1.4%), increased intraocular pressure (3.6±1.2%), and iridocyclitis 2.7±1.0%). Conclusions. Modern treatment of diabetic retinopathy is often performed using laser photocoagulation (44.2%). Surgical treatment is performed against the background of preproliferative stage (62,9±3,2%) and exudative maculopathy (41,6±3,3%).
Keywords: diabetic retinopathy, laser photocoagulation, demographics, clinical characteristics
Mammadov N.Y., Bagirli M.V., Gasimov I.A.
THE IMPACT OF PREVIOUS SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS ON THE OUTCOMES OF TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY
Abstract: Introduction. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a severe form of degenerative hip disease resulting from congenital or developmental abnormalities. In early childhood, such patients often undergo orthopedic procedures (e.g., osteotomy, tenotomy), which may complicate future total hip arthroplasty (THA) both technically and functionally. Objective. To evaluate the impact of prior surgical interventions on clinical and functional outcomes of total hip arthroplasty in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Material and Methods. Between 2018 and 2020, 129 patients (135 hips) with DDH underwent THA. They were divided into two groups: Group A (n=107) included patients with no prior hip surgery, and Group B (n=28) included those who had undergone orthopedic procedures in childhood. Evaluation parameters included the Merle d’Aubigné–Postel score, Harris Hip Score, WOMAC index, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and SF-36 questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Pearson Chi-square test, and Bonferroni correction. Results. Statistically significant improvements (p<0.001) were observed postoperatively in all clinical and functional scores in both groups. However, patients in Group B showed a higher incidence of Crowe type III dislocation, heterotopic ossification, greater preoperative deformities, and leg length discrepancies, which led to relatively less favorable and more variable outcomes compared to Group A. Conclusion. While previous orthopedic surgeries may negatively influence THA outcomes due to altered anatomy and soft tissue imbalances, satisfactory results can still be achieved through modern surgical techniques, individualized planning, and structured rehabilitation protocols.
Keywords: total hip arthroplasty, developmental dysplasia of the hip, osteotomy, functional outcomes, heterotopic ossification
Akperov A.A., Alieva U.I., Bagirzadeh M.I., Mirzamammadova H.R.
GENERAL AND THEORETICAL ISSUES OF MANDATORY MEDICAL INSURANCE
Abstract: Mandatory medical insurance is inherently one of the spheres of social services, and the provisions determining the mechanism of its implementation and the process of development form the theoretical basis of this field. This article discusses the objectives and theoretical issues of mandatory health insurance, reflecting the general characteristic of the object of study. The article highlights the fact that mandatory health insurance is an integral part of the organisation and management of health care. At the same time, it is noted that the objectives and policies of mandatory health insurance cover its theoretical issues.
Keywords: mandatory health insurance, organisation and management of health care, purpose and theoretical issues of mandatory health insurance
Gadimli A.I., Isayev J.I.
PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDY OF SELECTED Gentiana L. SPECIES
Abstract: A comparative phytochemical analysis of Gentiana septemfida, G. asclepiadea, G. cruciata, and G. gelida was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-QQQ-MS). In total, 123 compounds were found including 68 iridoid glycosides, 37 flavones C-, O-, and C, O-glycosides, 2 phenolic O-glycosides, 3 hydroxycinnamates, 7 xanthones, 6 triterpene glycosides, and 3 carbohydrates. Subsequent isolation through column chromatography from the roots of G. septemfida were isolated the iridoids gentiopicroside and loganic acid, as well as ursane-type triterpenes, specifically (2β,3β)-3,25-epidioxy-2,24-dihydroxyurs-12,20(30)-dien-28-oic acid and (2β,3β)-3,25-epidioxy-2,24-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid. From the aerial parts of G. asclepiadea were isolated the flavonoids isoorientin and isovitexin, along with the xanthone glycoside mangiferin. Furthermore, the radical-scavenging properties, antimicrobial, antifungal and digestive enzymes inhibiting activities of extracts, fractions, and individual compounds from G. septemfida, G. asclepiadea, G. cruciata, and G. gelida were systematically evaluated. Pharmacopoeial monographs for the aerial parts and roots of G. septemfida were developed and officially approved. The findings highlighted in our investigation suggest that Azerbaijan gentians are good source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic potential.
Keywords: Gentian species, antioxidant activity, isolation, volatile oils
Javadzade V.N., Isaev S.P., Mukhtarov M.M., Rustamova L.I., Mammadova N.O.
METAPNEMOVIRUSNAY INFECTION
Abstract: The article provides information on the etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prevention of metapneumovirus infection, which was first detected in the bronchial mucus of 28 young children with respiratory tract damage in the Netherlands in 2001. Currently, cases of metapneumovirus infection have been recorded in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, the United Kingdom, India, and several other countries. Its high transmissibility, lack of specific treatment, and the difficulty of clinical diagnosis necessitate further investigation of the unique characteristics of this infection.
Keywords: metapneumovirus infection, serous inflammation, secondary bacterial flora
Gasimova F.N., Agayev A.R., Nurmammadova G.S., Mammadov M.Y, Guliyeva İ.M.
FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER: AUTOINFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Abstract: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is the most common autoinflammatory syndrome, characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and aseptic inflammation of serous membranes. The disease is associated with mutations in the MEFV gene, which encodes pyrin, a protein involved in regulating the inflammatory response. The clinical presentation of FMF includes abdominal, pleural, and arthritic attacks accompanied by severe pain and fever. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and molecular genetic analysis. The primary treatment is colchicine, which prevents relapses and the development of amyloidosis. Early diagnosis and timely therapy play a crucial role in preventing complications and improving patients' quality of life.
Keywords: Familial Mediterranean Fever, MEFV, pyrin, autoinflammatory syndrome, fever, amyloidosis, colchicine
