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Dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the Azerbaijan State
Advanced
Training Institute for Doctors named by Aziz Aliyev.
Meybalyev M.T., İsmailova N.J.
STRONTIUM HYPERMICROELEMENTOSIS IN DRINKING WATER
AND ITS INFLUENCE ON BONE DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Abstract: The review reflects the issues of high concentrations of stable strontium in drinking water, which can negatively affect the health of both children and adults. In hygienically standardized doses, stable strontium is a necessary element, participating in calcium metabolism, preventing caries and osteoporosis. However, its excess has a pronounced negative effect on human health, especially children, causing them a disease called “strontium rickets”. It should be noted that drinking water may also contain technogenic (man-made) radioactive isotopes of strontium. Radioactive isotopes 90Sr, entering the body, cause the emergence of free radicals - particles that have a high damaging effect on living cells. For the purpose of preventive measures, it is necessary to establish constant monitoring of artesian springs in order to obtain reliable data on their pollution.
Keywords: stable strontium, hypermicroelementosis, ranking, chelates, biogeochemical provinces, “strontium rickets”, technogenic radionuclides
Aydinova P.R., Shirinova X.N.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE AND AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASE
Abstract: Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are chronic, relapsing diseases of autoimmune origin that cause dangerous inflammation of various parts of the intestine, and are frequently encountered in medical practice. These conditions, collectively known as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), cause damage and inflammation in the intestine through the combined action of environmental and immune factors. Hashimoto's and Graves' disease (GD) are the main autoimmune pathologies of the thyroid gland. These diseases lead to gland dysfunctions such as hyperthyroidism (associated with Graves' disease) or hypothyroidism (mainly associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT)). In the recent scientific literature, the issues related to the simultaneous occurrence of autoimmune diseases of IBD and GD — their prevalence, mechanisms of development, clinical and diagnostic features, and treatment principles — have not yet been fully studied. The aim of the study is to evaluate the clinical aspects of the co-occurrence of IBD and autoimmune thyroid diseases based on recent literature.
Keywords: Non-specific ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease
Ahmadova Z.G., Gahramanova D.I., Rasul I.T.
ROLE OF THE HORMONE AMYLIN IN GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that damages the entire body. Organ by organ, physiological function is lost. Scientists around the world are trying to find methods to halt the global rise of this condition. Glucose homeostasis is regulated by several hormones — primarily insulin, amylin, glucagon, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Since the discovery of amylin in 1986, the role of the β-cell in glucose homeostasis has become more significant. Amylin exerts insulin-like glucose-lowering effects, inhibits glucagon secretion, and induces a feeling of satiety. It regulates eating behavior and contributes to weight reduction. The hypothalamic satiety center interacts with the hormone amylin, which also works synergistically with leptin. This functional interaction between amylin and leptin hormones is already well established.
Keywords: insulin, amylin, glucose, β-cell, hypothalamus, obesity
Ibadova Sh.T., Nuriyeva A.A.
ROLE OF RADIOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHODS IN EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF OVARIAN TUMORS
Abstract: Malignant ovarian tumors and their early diagnosis are among the most challenging issues in gynecologic oncology. Early diagnostic imaging techniques play a crucial role in the detection and differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors. Modern early diagnostic imaging of ovarian tumors relies on a combination of ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) data. To assess the extent of ovarian cancer, in addition to CT and MRI, positron emission tomography (PET) with radiopharmaceuticals is used. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages in detecting pathological lesions. Abdominal ultrasound is performed to determine the extent of the tumor. Ultrasound has greater limitations than CT and MRI in detecting peritoneal metastases. Ultrasound and MRI are highly sensitive in characterizing tumor masses, but MRI is a more specific diagnostic method. PET allows for the assessment of tissue metabolic properties, providing additional information about the biological activity of ovarian cancer. Only by combining the results of comprehensive early diagnosis and radiological examinations of malignant ovarian tumours can the detection rate of ovarian cancer in its early stages be significantly increased and, consequently, appropriate treatment be started in a timely manner.
Keywords: CT, MRI, PET, US ovarian cancer, early diagnosis, radiological methods
Ashrafov D.S.
THE AESTHETICS OF TOOTH ARRANGEMENT AS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTORS IN REMOVABLE PROSTHETICS
Abstract: When using removable dentures, the goal is not only to restore lost chewing and speech functions but also to accurately and harmoniously recreate the lost appearance of the teeth. Every detail matters: the color of the teeth, their position in the dental arch, and the proportionality between them. The aesthetics of a dental prosthesis is defined as the cosmetic effect created by the prosthesis, which influences the patient’s beauty, attractiveness and individuality. This involves selecting the appropriate shape and color of artificial teeth and customizing their arrangement to achieve individual aesthetics. Teeth support the lips and soft tissues of the lower face, so their loss significantly affects a person’s appearance. With age, the lips naturally become less elastic and voluminous. Without the support of teeth, they collapse inward, and the cheeks appear sunken. Uneven atrophy (volume reduction) of the jawbones, also associated with tooth loss, causes the chin to protrude forward and upward. Barely visible facial folds gradually develop into deep wrinkles, giving the face a characteristic aged appearance.
Keywords: aesthetics, orthopedics, dentistry, artificial teeth, tooth arrangement
Karimov S.H., Rzayeva L.F., Teymurova S.I.
HUMAN DEMODICOSIS: A MODERN VIEW OF THE PROBLEM
Abstract: Demodicosis remains one of the most common parasitic dermatoses in humans, associated with the activation of the conditionally pathogenic mites Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis. In recent years, an increase in incidence has been observed, attributed to changes in immune status, stress, and widespread use of hormonal and cosmetic products. Studying the life cycle, activation conditions, and interaction of Demodex mites with the skin microbiome is of great importance for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease, improving modern diagnostics, and developing effective methods of treatment and prevention.
Keywords: demodicosis, demodex, Demodex folliculorum, Demodex brevis, treatment of demodicosis
Babayev P.N., Aliyev R.R.
OBESITY, DISORDERED EATING, DUE TO THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF PASSIVE SMOKING AND THE TAKING OF PREVENTIVE MEASURES TO REDUCE ITS AGGRAVATING EFFECTS ON HEALTH, ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
Abstract: Objective. To assess key risk factors for obesity exposure to passive smoking among children in Baku and to develop preventive measures to reduce the aggravating effects of passive smoking on their health. Material and Methods. Based on a questionnaire survey, outpatient records, and an immunochromatographic test, this study was conducted as part of a study of the impact of family passive smoking on children's health and academic performance. A questionnaire containing seven sets of questions on various social and hygienic aspects of passive smoking was developed. Using questionnaire and outpatient records, anthropometric parameters were calculated separately for boys and girls. Observations were conducted in the most anthropometrically significant age groups of schoolchildren. Results. Adolescence is a special period from physiological, psychological, and social perspectives. Adolescents are characterized by experimentation, testing their capabilities, and, as a result, a tendency toward risky behavior. Weighted arithmetic means were calculated for all observed groups, regardless of age. Conclusions. Tobacco smoking is classified as substance abuse. It has been established that activation of alpha4 beta2 nicotinic receptors plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of nicotine dependence. Research shows that tailoring individual treatment methods is paramount in treating smokers.
Keywords: eating behavior, body weight, obesity, smoking
Mammadbeyov E.N., Ismayilova A.S., Kazimova L.H., Aliyev C.G., Shikhaliyev Y.Sh., Abbasova A.S.
EFFICACY OF TREATMENT OF ONE-SIDED PRIMARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS WITH MYCOBACTERIAL SECRETION OF THE LUNG AND DISPERSAL GAP
Abstract: In recent years, the MDR and XDR forms of tuberculosis are increasing sharply in the world. The reason for the problem is that primary tuberculosis patients are not detected in time and the effectiveness of treatment is low.
Purpose. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated at the end of the treatment course by criteria such as termination of MTB, closure of the disintegration cavity, contact infection and relapse in patients.
Methods and discussion. In the study, the specific weight of MBT and closure of the disintegration space by months at the end of treatment course, the specific weight of "Increased results of tuberculosis compared to the previous year, bend and hyperergy" forms of infectious allergy among child and adolescent contacts were determined. The analysis shows that 80% of patients who received the intensive phase of treatment in an inpatient setting and the continuous phase in an outpatient setting had a successful outcome, and 50% of the closure of the disintegration cavity occurred. Recurrence after two years was in 54.5% of patients who didn't close the dissection cavity. Forms of infection between contacts of infectious allergy increased results of tuberculosis compared to the last year, virege and hyperergy are 8 times higher than the optimal level.
Keywords: one side specific injury, acid-fast mycobacterium (MTB) secretion, dispersion gap
Mammadova S.J., Tagiyeva N.J., Isayev J.P. Javadzade V.N.
COMPLEX REHABİLİTATİON MEASURES AFTER ENDOPROSTHETIC HİP REPLACEMENT
Abstract: In the article, the effectiveness of the rehabilitation complex, including the joint effect of gravity and antiresorptive therapy, was studied in patients with osteoporosis who underwent local prosthetic surgery in the hip joint. The use of gravity therapy and anti-resorptive drugs in the complex of rehabilitation measures significantly reduced pain intensity by 3.2 times (p<0.001) from the initial level according to the visual analogue pain scale 3 months after the treatment course. It has led to a significant improvement in the patients' functional activity. At the same time, a statistically significant decrease in the signs of osteoporosis in terms of bone mineral density was also observed compared to patients who received a standard rehabilitation complex. In these patients, the mineral density of bone tissue increased to the level of osteopenia - 2.16±0.30 after 12 months, and positive dynamics were maintained for a long time. The increase in bone mineral density allows to prevent early instability of the endoprosthesis in these patients by slowing down the processes of osteolysis and reducing the probability of periprosthetic fractures.
Keywords: rehabilitation, endoprosthetics, hip replacement, hip joint
Mammadov N.Y., Novruzov V.Sh., Bagirli M.V.
THE EFFECT OF AGE ON TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY OUTCOMES IN DYSPLASTIC COXARTHROSIS
Abstract: Introduction. Age is one of the major biological and clinical determinants affecting the outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with dysplastic coxarthrosis. With increasing age, cartilage elasticity, muscle tone, and regenerative capacity decline, potentially slowing rehabilitation. However, modern surgical techniques and cementless implants have significantly minimized the impact of age-related differences on postoperative results. Objective: To comparatively evaluate the effect of age groups (≤60 and >60 years) on postoperative outcomes of total hip arthroplasty in dysplastic coxarthrosis patients in terms of range of motion (ROM), clinical-functional parameters (Harris Hip Score, WOMAC, Merle d’Aubigné–Postel), and quality of life (SF-36). Material and Methods. This prospective analytical study included 129 patients (135 hips). Assessments were conducted preoperatively (Pre-op) and at 12 months postoperatively (Post-op) using goniometric measurements, Harris Hip Score, WOMAC, Merle d’Aubigné–Postel, and SF-36 scales. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS 22.0 using Kruskal–Wallis, Wilcoxon, and χ² tests with Bonferroni correction. Results. Significant clinical improvement was observed in all parameters in both age groups after surgery. ROM increased from 9.6 to 16.6 points (≤60 years), Harris score improved from 43.1 to 84.0, WOMAC index decreased by 80–85%, and SF-36 physical and mental component scores rose from 38 to 68 and 45 to 73, respectively. Flexion angle showed approximately 80% improvement. Although outcomes were slightly lower in the older group, the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). No statistically significant differences were found concerning heterotopic ossification, sex, or Crowe type. Conclusion. Age does not have a statistically significant impact on total hip arthroplasty outcomes in dysplastic coxarthrosis. Both age groups achieved substantial clinical and functional recovery. Chronological age should not be considered a limiting factor; surgical indications should be based on overall functional status, bone quality, and rehabilitation potential.
Keywords: dysplastic coxarthrosis, total hip arthroplasty, range of motion, Harris hip score, WOMAC index
Huseynov Q.A.
FEATURES OF QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE
PREPARATION OF BLOOD COMPONENTS
Abstract: Since the source material for the production of blood products is human, safe collection and preparation of blood in blood bank is considered the most important quality assurance indicator. The conducted research works approve that the equipment and devices used in blood donation, also laboratory testing, storage and transportation procedures have a great impact on the quality indicators of blood products. The article discusses the problems of procurement, preparation, and storage of blood components in our country. The peculiarities of certain technological processes also have been analyzed.
Keywords: blood components, leukocyte filtration, plasma proteins, factor concentrates
Shikhaliyeva F.A., Ahmedbeyli C.R.
EFFICIENCY OF HYALURONIC ACID IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH PERI-IMPLANT DISEASES
Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of hyaluronic acid on improving the quality of life in patients with perimucositis. Material and methods. The patients were divided into three groups: Control group (20 patients) – professional oral hygiene, patients had plaque removed mechanically using special plastic curettes; Conditional control group (20 patients) – plaque removal using a device (Master Piezon EMS) and the patient using an antiseptic containing 0.05% chlorhexidine bigluconate; Main group (20 patients) – Plaque removal using a device (Master Piezon EMS) and the patient using a drug containing hyaluronic acid (Hy+Al Gel). Comparative methods of clinical examination (OHIP-14, Slade G.D. (1997)) were used to study the quality of life indicators in all three groups of patients before and after treatment (after 3 months). Analysis of the results obtained during the present studies showed that patients in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups noted a significant impairment of quality of life against the background of peri-implant diseases before the start of treatment and preventive measures. Results. After 3 months, the quality of life after the course of treatment remained significantly better, compared with the initial data and the data of the other two groups, after using the application of a preparation based on hyaluronic acid.
Keywords: perimucositis, risk factors, quality of life, OHIP-14, hyaluronic acid
Tadzhieva N.U., Samibayeva U.K.
VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR VEGF-A AS A
MARKER OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEVERE COURSE OF THE NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19 IN PATIENTS WITH CONCOMITANT CHRONIC PATHOLOGY
Abstract: A prospective study was conducted of 163 patients with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 hospitalized in the clinic of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Epidemiology, Microbiology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases and the Samarkand Regional Specialized Medical Center for the period 2020-2022, a study of the factor level was conducted vascular endothelial growth (VEGF A) in blood serum by enzyme immunoassay. Our studies have shown that the value of the marker of endothelial dysfunction, vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF-A, is related to gender, age, severity, and also depending on concomitant diseases. At the same time, monitoring indicators of inflammatory markers, endothelial dysfunction of the vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF-A are significant for identifying risk factors for the development of
complications in cardiovascular diseases, both at the time of admission and in the period of early convalescence.
Keywords: COVID 19, comorbidity, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF A), endothelial dysfunction
Abbasova H.N., Bayramov N.Y.
A RARE DOUBLE CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITY ASSOCIATED WITH PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER: A CLINICAL CASE WITH CRI-DU-CHAT SYNDROME (DELETION 5p15.1) AND DUPLICATION 14q32.12–qter
Abstract: This article describes a rare clinical case in which intrauterine growth retardation detected during prenatal ultrasound examination manifested after birth as severe psychomotor delay, craniofacial dysmorphic features, and neuropsychiatric abnormalities. The case highlights the necessity of medical-genetic counseling at both antenatal and postnatal stages. In Azerbaijan, the fetocide procedure is not practiced; therefore, even when severe malformations are detected during prenatal examination, pregnancy is terminated by induced delivery while the fetus remains viable. The examined patient was born at 28 weeks of gestation with a birth weight of 1100 g; since the neonatal period, craniofacial dysmorphism, muscle hypotonia, and patent foramen ovale were observed. At four years of age, the child is unable to sit, speak, or make eye contact, with profound intellectual disability. Copy Number Variation analysis revealed two chromosomal abnormalities — del 5p15.1 (“Cri-du-chat” syndrome) and dup 14q32.12–qter. This observation reflects the complex clinical manifestation of prenatal developmental impairment combined with dual chromosomal abnormality.
Keywords: psychomotor disorders, Whole Exome Sequencing, Copy Number Variation, Cri du chat syndrome, chromosomal abnormalities, fetocid
Novruzov E.H., Garayev I.J., Aliyev R.R.
ABOUT RESULTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF HYDROCEPHALUS BY VENTRICULO-PERITONEAL SHUNT
Abstract: Objective: to analyze the results of ventriculo-peritoneal shunting surgery of the patients in different ages suffering with various forms of hydrocephalus. Material and methods. This work is based on the study and thorough analysis of the clinical condition of 60 patients with “hydrocephalus”, who were treated from 2014 to 2025 at the Educational and Surgical Clinic of the Azerbaijan Medical University. All patients underwent ventriculo-peritoneal shunt surgery. Male representatives accounted for the advantage of 39 (65%) versus 21 (35%) female representatives. The age of the patients ranged widely from 1 month to 76 years. Treatment of hydrocephalus and results. Hydrocephalus is a surgical pathology. The most common and currently effective method of treating hydrocephalus is ventriculo-peritoneal shunt surgery. This method is based on catheterization of the lateral ventricle of the brain (more often the right one) and its connection to the abdominal cavity. To regulate intracranial pressure, a pump (valve mechanism) is installed between the shunt catheters and fixed on the bones of the cranial vault. The results of our 60 similar operations were a significant improvement in the condition of patients during the postoperative period. This was confirmed by their neurological status and the results of CT and MRI examinations. Conclusions. Early diagnosis of hydrocephalus (CT and MRI brain imaging) is a fundamental factor in preventing the intensive growth of brain atrophy and the development of irreversible neurological symptoms. Timely bypass surgery is the key to the speedy restoration of the structure and functions of the brain parenchyma and higher nervous activity of the patient.
Keywords: hydrocephalus, cerebrospinal fluid, intracranial hypertension
Hasanova M.Q.
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME AND PREGNANCY
Abstract: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) during pregnancy is a fairly rare pathology. For a long time , NS was associated only with of chronic glomerulonephritis. But the experience of recent years has shown that NS can be a manifestation of the classical obstetric pathology – preeclampsia (PE). Massive proteinuria with NS most tipical for early PE makes diagnosis difficult, expecially if PE develops at an unusually early time (up to 20 weeks). To describe PE that does not fit into the classical criteria, the term “atypical” PE is now used. The article presented clinical observation describes the development of early (14-15 weeks) severe PE with the NS onset of the disease in a patient with the multiple pregnancy. The development of NS in a pregnant patient without a history of kidney disease dictates, first of all, the exclusion of PE.
Keywords: nephrotic syndrome, atypical preeclampsia, early preeclampsia
Huseynova N.N., Gasimova F.N., Nur-Mammedova G.S.
PRINCIPLES OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION CONDITIONS IN PREGNANCY
Abstract: Arterial hypertension (AH) during pregnancy is a serious problem in obstetric practice, affecting the health of the mother and fetus. Hypertension in pregnancy includes chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia. The definition of each condition is based on blood pressure levels and the presence of other clinical signs. The article discusses modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension during pregnancy, including classification, risks and monitoring methods.
Keywords: pregnancy, arterial hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, antihypertensive therapy
