DIFFICULTIES OF DIFFERENTIAL SEARCH FOR NODULAR LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Babayeva G.H., Mahmudov U.R., Quliyev F.V., Asadova G.V., Musayev J.S.
DOI: 10.61775/2413-3302.v2i32.03
ABSTRACT
Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the gastrointestinal tract is characterized by the presence of
many small nodules, usually 2 to 10 mm in diameter, located more frequently in the small
intestine, stomach, colon, or rectum. The pathogenesis is largely unknown, and the occurrence is
possible in all age groups, quite common in children, and may affect adults with or without
immunodeficiency. In some cases, patients may have comorbidities, namely common variable
immunodeficiency, selective IgA deficiency, Giardia intestinalis, celiac disease, Helicobacter
pylori, and less often human immunodeficiency virus. Recently, data have appeared on the
detection of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in patients who have undergone COVID-19. Nodular
lymphoid hyperplasia is usually asymptomatic but can cause a variety of gastrointestinal
symptoms such as abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, bleeding, or ileus. Diagnosis is by
endoscopy or barium contrast and must be confirmed by pathological findings. Nodular
lymphoid hyperplasia is a risk factor for both intestinal and, very rarely, extraintestinal
lymphoma.
Keywords: nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, gastrointestinal tract, endoscopy, common variable
immunodeficiency, selective IgA deficiency, Giardia intestinalis, celiac disease, Helicobacter
pylori
REFERENCES
- Albuquerque А. Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in the gastrointestinal tract in adult
patients: A review // World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2014 Nov 16; 6(11): 534 540. doi:
10.4253/wjge.v6.i11.534
- Elkholy Sh., Mogawer Sh., Farag A. Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the gastrointestinal
tract: a comprehensive review // Acta Gastro-Enterologica Belgica. 2017, 80, 405-410.
- Rubio-Tapia A, Hernández-Calleros J, Trinidad-Hernández S, Uscanga L. Clinical
characteristics of a group of adults with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia: a single center
experience // World J Gastroenterol., 2006;12:1945-1948.
- Baran B, Gulluoglu M, Akyuz F. Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of duodenum caused by
giardiasis // Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol., 2013;11:A22.
- Schwartz DC, Cole CE, Sun Y, Jacoby RF. Diffuse nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the
colon: polyposis syndrome or normal variant? // Gastrointest Endosc., 2003;58:630-632.
- Iacono G, Ravelli A, Di Prima L, Scalici C, et al. Colonic lymphoid nodular hyperplasia in
children: relationship to food hypersensitivity // Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol.,
2007;5:361-366.
- Kiefte-de Jong JC, Escher JC, Arends LR, Jaddoe VW, et al. Infant nutritional factors and
functional constipation in childhood: the Generation R study // Am J Gastroenterol., 2010;
105:940-945.
- Tokuhara D, Watanabe K, Okano Y, Tada A, Yamato K, et al. Wireless capsule endoscopy
in pediatric patients: the first series from Japan //J Gastroenterol., 2010;45:683-691.
- Ward EM, Wolfsen HC. Review article: the non-inherited gastrointestinal polyposis
syndromes // Aliment Pharmacol Ther., 2002;16:333-342.
- Khuroo MS, Khuroo NS. Diffuse duodenal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia: a large cohort of
patients etiologically related to Helicobacter pylori infection // BMC Gastroenterol.,
2011;11:36.
- Razafimahefa, V.J., Razafindrafara, H.E., Rabarison, M.R. et al. Nodular Lymphoid
Hyperplasia of the Colon in an Adult Patient after Covid-19 Infection: A Case Report and
Literature Review // Open Journal of Pathology (2023), 13, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpathology.2023.131001).
- Qanneta R., Feliu-Masgoret M., García-Pardoetal G. Reactive ileal lymphoid hyperplasia
related to SARS-CoV-2 infection as a unique clinical feature resembling Crohn’s disease //
Revista de Gastroenterología de México. 2022. RGMXEN-855; No. of Pages 2. DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen. 2022.07. 010
- Luzi G, Zullo A, Iebba F, Rinaldi V, et al. Duodenal pathology and clinical-immunological
implications in common variable immunodeficiency patients // Am J Gastroenterol.,
2003;98:118-121.
- Atarod L, Raissi A, Aghamohammadi A, Farhoudi A, et al. A review of gastrointestinal
disorders in patients with primary antibody immunodeficiencies during a 10-year period
(1990-2000), in children hospital medical center // Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol.,
2003;2:75-79.
- Khodadad A, Aghamohammadi A, Parvaneh N, Rezaei N, et al. Gastrointestinal
manifestations in patients with common variable immunodeficiency // Dig Dis Sci., 2007;
52:2977-2983.
- Said-Criado I, Gil-Aguado A. Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in common variable
immunodeficiency // Lancet., 2014;383:e2.
- Postgate A, Despott E, Talbot I, Phillips R, et al. An unusual cause of diarrhea: diffuse
intestinal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in association with selective immunoglobulin A
deficiency (with video) // Gastrointest Endosc., 2009;70:168-19; discussion 169.
- Piaścik M, Rydzewska G, Pawlik M, Milewski J, et al. Diffuse nodular lymphoid
hyperplasia of the gastrointestinal tract in patient with selective immunoglobulin A
deficiency and sarcoid-like syndrome--case report // Adv Med Sci., 2007;52:296-300.
- Joo M, Shim SH, Chang SH, Kim H, Chi JG, Kim NH. Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia and
histologic changes mimicking celiac disease, collagenous sprue, and lymphocytic colitis in
a patient with selective IgA deficiency // Pathol Res Pract., 2009;205:876-880.
- Agarwal S, Mayer L. Diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in patients with
primary immunodeficiency // Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol., 2013;11:1050-1063.
- Olmez S, Aslan M, Yavuz A, Bulut G, Dulger AC. Diffuse nodular lymphoid hyperplasia
of the small bowel associated with common variable immunodeficiency and giardiasis: a
rare case report // Wien Klin Wochenschr., 2014;126:294-297.
- de Weerth A, Gocht A, Seewald S, Brand B, et al. Duodenal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia
caused by giardiasis infection in a patient who is immunodeficient // Gastrointest Endosc.,
2002;55:605-607.
- Onbaşi K, Günşar F, Sin AZ, Ardeniz O, Kokuludağ A, Sebik F. Common variable
immunodeficiency (CVID) presenting with malabsorption due to giardiasis // Turk J
Gastroenterol., 2005;16:111-113.
- Monsanto P, Lérias C, Almeida N, Lopes S, et al. Intestinal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia
and extraintestinal lymphoma--a rare association // Acta Gastroenterol Belg.,
2012;75:260-262.
- Garg V, Lipka S, Rizvon K, Singh J, et al. Diffuse nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of
intestine in selective IgG 2 subclass deficiency, autoimmune thyroiditis, and autoimmune
hemolytic anemia: case report and literature review // J Gastrointestin Liver Dis.,
2012;21:431-434.
- Chandra S. Benign nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of colon: a report of two cases // Indian J
Gastroenterol., 2003;22:145-146.
- Shuhaiber J, Jennings L, Berger R. Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia: a cause for obscure
massive gastrointestinal bleeding // J Pediatr Surg., 2005;40:E17-E19.
- Ersoy E, Gündoğdu H, Uğraş NS, Aktimur R. A case of diffuse nodular lymphoid
hyperplasia // Turk J Gastroenterol., 2008;19:268-270.
- Molaei M, Kaboli A, Fathi AM, Mashayekhi R, et al. Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in
common variable immunodeficiency syndrome mimicking familial adenomatous polyposis
on endoscopy // Indian J Pathol Microbiol., 2009;52:530-533.
- Bayraktar Y, Ersoy O, Sokmensuer C. The findings of capsule endoscopy in patients with
common variable immunodeficiency syndrome // Hepatogastroenterology,
2007;54:1034-1037.
- Tomita S, Kojima M, Imura J, Ueda Y, et al. Diffuse nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the
large bowel without hypogammaglobulinemia or malabsorption syndrome: a case report
and literature review // Int J Surg Pathol., 2002;10:297-302.
- Yoshino T, Miyake K, Ichimura K, Mannami T, et al. Increased incidence of follicular
lymphoma in the duodenum //Am J Surg Pathol., 2000;24:688-693.
- Jeon JY, Lim SG, Kim JH, Lee KM, et al. Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the stomach in
a patient with multiple submucosal tumors // Blood Res., 2013;48:287-291.
- Jonsson OT, Birgisson S, Reykdal S. Resolution of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the
gastrointestinal tract following chemotherapy for extraintestinal lymphoma // Dig Dis Sci.,
2002;47:2463-2465.
|