SUMMARY
Gallstone disease (GSD) is one of the most common disorders of the hepatobiliary system. Its exacerbations, comorbidities, and complications may influence the choice of surgical strategy and treatment outcomes. Cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity are particularly important because they are associated with increased perioperative risk. Objective. To retrospectively assess the pattern of concomitant diseases, complications of GSD, and treatment outcomes associated with different surgical approaches. Material and methods. Medical records of 2,016 patients examined and surgically treated for GSD at various private medical institutions between 2015 and 2025 were analyzed. Anamnestic factors associated with pain exacerbation, concomitant diseases, complications, surgical strategy, postoperative complications, and mortality were evaluated. Categorical variables were presented as absolute numbers and percentages. No inferential statistical tests were performed. Results. Acute right upper quadrant pain was the principal complaint in all patients. Pain exacerbation was associated with emotional stress in 40.0% of cases, consumption of fatty and excessive food in 25.5%, and combined intake of fatty food and alcohol in 21.0%. A sedentary lifestyle was reported in 60.0% of patients, while 23.0% were overweight. Concomitant diseases were recorded in 765 patients (38.0%): diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia in 13.0%, arterial hypertension in 10.4%, obesity in 8.5%, ischemic heart disease in 5.0%, and bronchial asthma in 1.3%. Mortality among urgently operated patients with ischemic heart disease was 3.2%, whereas no deaths were reported in the planned-treatment group. Among patients with diabetes mellitus, mortality was 15.0% after two-stage intervention and 3.0% and 6.0% after one-stage emergency and planned surgery, respectively. Obstructive jaundice was observed in 32.0% of cases, and exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis in 8.0%. Conclusion. Concomitant cardiometabolic disorders and complications of GSD require individualized treatment planning. These descriptive findings highlight the importance of preoperative stabilization of comorbid conditions and multidisciplinary perioperative management.
Keywords: gallstone disease, cholecystitis, comorbidities, cholecystectomy, surgical outcomes

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