| THE ROLE OF QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE INDICATORS IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION OF TUBERCULOSIS Shikhaliyev Y.Sh., Kazimova L.H., Ismayilova A.S., Aliyev C.G., Abbasova A.S. DOI: 10.61775/2413-3302.v2i44.08
SUMMARY Introduction. An adequate assessment of the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis should be based not only on quantitative indicators, such as incidence, prevalence, and mortality, but also on qualitative characteristics, including clinical structure, mycobacterial excretion, drug resistance, and infection among contacts. Objective. To evaluate age- and sex-related patterns of morbidity among newly diagnosed patients with active tuberculosis during the last five years, the frequency of drug susceptibility and resistance, and the indicators of disease and infection among contacts. Materials and Methods. The study was based on Statistical Form No. 8 “On Tuberculosis,” approved by the State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan, and medical records of newly registered patients with active tuberculosis in two districts of Baku. Age, sex, clinical forms, excretion of acid-fast mycobacteria, pulmonary destruction, susceptibility and resistance to specific anti-tuberculosis drugs, and the dynamics of tuberculin reactions among contacts were analyzed. Results. A total of 786 newly diagnosed patients with active tuberculosis were registered, of whom 74.9% had pulmonary tuberculosis. Men accounted for 63.1% and women for 36.9% of patients. Among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, the infiltrative form was observed in 80.8%, pulmonary destruction in 49.7%, and acid-fast mycobacterial excretion in 65.9%. Drug susceptibility was preserved in 79.0% of patients, while resistance to specific anti-tuberculosis drugs was detected in 21.0%. Among 83 patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis, resistance to isoniazid was observed in 30.1%, to rifampicin in 45.7%, and combined resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin in 22.9%. Among 1,993 child and adolescent contacts, tuberculin reactions were positive in 76%, and 53 new tuberculosis cases were identified. Conclusion. For an objective assessment of the tuberculosis epidemiological situation, quantitative indicators should be analyzed together with clinical and bacteriological characteristics, drug-resistance patterns, and findings among contacts, and these data should guide appropriate anti-epidemic measures. Keywords: tuberculosis, incidence, intensive and extensive indicators, drug resistance, screening, epidemiological tension REFERENCES
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