SUMMARY
The aim. To assess the dynamics of the spread of hookworm infections in the Republic of Azerbaijan before and after the implementation of comprehensive elimination measures, identify current risk factors, and evaluate the prospects of the epidemiological situation based on historical and contemporary data. Material and Methods. Population surveys conducted in 1956–1960 demonstrated a high prevalence of hookworm infections, reaching 59.7±0.8% in the Lankaran district and 56.8±0.9% in the Zagatala district. In most cases, the intensity of infection was low to moderate; however, foci with high parasitic burden were also identified, indicating heterogeneity of the epidemiological process. Following comprehensive anti-hookworm control measures implemented during 1960–1986, including mass deworming campaigns, sanitary education, and improvement of sanitary conditions, the infection rate among the population significantly decreased, and the disease was practically eliminated in five of the eight endemic districts, confirming the effectiveness of the implemented measures. R Despite the achieved success, residual foci have persisted over the last 30–35 years, while no large-scale population surveys have been conducted. Modern social and environmental changes, including increased population migration, expansion of agricultural activities, and development of tourism in endemic regions, increase the risk of renewed transmission of the infection. The annual registration of 6 to 148 hookworm cases during 1990–2025 confirms the persistence of residual foci and highlights the need for continuous epidemiological surveillance and monitoring. Conclusion. Further studies are needed to clarify the current epidemiological situation of hookworm infections, comprehensively assess risk factors, and develop targeted preventive measures aimed at preventing renewed transmission of the infection. This is essential to ensure sustainable sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population and to prevent the possible re-establishment of the disease in endemic regions.
Keywords: disease screening, screening programs, screening tests, universal screening, selective screening

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