STATISTICS
| No.4 (38) | 2024 Kazimova A.U.
Abstract: Modern herbal medicine, being an alternative to drug treatment, is becoming increasingly widespread in clinical practice. Almost 80% of pregnant women in the first three months of conception, and later during pregnancy, suffer from various pathologies and syndromes. Every second woman, at the time of pregnancy, has one or another diagnosis of a chronic pathology, sometimes which poses a threat of miscarriage or termination of pregnancy, as well as a threat to the health of the mother and unborn child. Such diseases include heart rhythm disturbances, diabetes mellitus, anemia, hypertension, rheumatism, arterial hypotension, bronchial asthma, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, diseases of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, congenital and acquired heart defects, and others. Many synthetic medications have a number of contraindications during pregnancy, but pharmacotherapy and maintaining the body of a pregnant woman with chronic pathology is necessary. Herbal medicines practically do not cause side effects and can be prescribed as independent long-term treatment or in combination with other medications. However, medications, herbs and supplements should be used with extreme caution during pregnancy as they may cause harmful effects on the mother and fetus. Mammadova S.Sh., Javadlı S.S.
Abstract: Team-Based Learning (TBL) is an active pedagogical strategy aimed at developing key professional competencies among medical students, such as critical thinking, group collaboration, and clinical problem-solving. This review aims to systematize and analyze the literature on the implementation of TBL in medical education. The article explores the theoretical foundations of the method, including constructivist and social constructivist approaches, as well as its structure and stages of implementation. The review summarizes international experiences with TBL, discusses its advantages for both students and educators, and highlights challenges associated with integrating the method into academic curricula. The findings underscore the high effectiveness of TBL in developing professional competencies in future physicians and emphasize the need for further research to assess the sustainability of outcomes and to adapt the method to local educational contexts.
Abstract: Purpose of the study. To evaluate the efficiency of Femto-LASIK (femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis), LASIK (laser in situ keratomileusis), and PRK (photorefractive keratectomy) and to compare the changes in topometric indices of the cornea. Materials and methods. The materials of 54 patients (108 eyes) were studied, of whom 34 were treated by the Femto-LASIK method, and 10 each by the LASIK and PRK methods. Visual acuity and topometric characteristics of the cornea were studied in all patients preoperatively and 3 months after surgery. Results. The uncorrected visual acuity before surgery was similar in all patients; after surgery, the improvement in uncorrected vision was more than 10-fold. The efficiency was comparatively higher with Femto-LASIK. The change in topometric indices in all groups had a similar direction, and only in PRK did it correlate with visual acuity. Conclusions. The uncorrected visual acuity in patients after Femto-LASIK, LASIK, and PRK surgery was similar (0.83±0.02, 0.86±0.04, and 0.8±0.02, respectively). In all patients, the topometric index IVA (index of vertical asymmetry) had a strong correlation with IHA (index of height asymmetry) and IHD (index of height decentration). Guliyeva M.Z.
Abstract: Given the rapid growth of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms, there are many unsolved problems in the field of antibiotic therapy for nosocomial infections. The article examines the etiological structure and antibiotic resistance of pathogens isolated from abiotic sources. To develop a set of anti-epidemic measures to prevent the development and exacerbation of the epidemic process in a hospital setting, it is necessary to determine epidemiological markers and analyze the genetic typing of pathogens. Akhundova I.M., Murghuzova N.M., Hajiyeva A.E., Guseynova A.D., Asgеrova Sh.M.
Abstract: The article focuses on the peculiarities of antibiotic therapy in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by nonspecific microflora. The analysis reveals that the use of combined antibiotics, tailored to the sensitivity of isolated microorganisms, effectively reduces the severity of secondary infections. The study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and a personalized approach to treatment to improve clinical outcomes.
Abstract: The study examined changes in the amount of immunoglobulins (Ig), as well as specific and nonspecific cells that provide the immune response, in the blood of rats due to toxic stress caused by lead acetate. It has been established that the state of toxic stress in the body changes the amount of immunoglobulins, as well as specific and nonspecific cells that provide the immune response in various directions. Depending on the duration of toxicity, changes in the number of immune markers in the blood become more pronounced, and the number of immunoglobulins significantly decreases on the 21st day of the experiment. After the exposure to toxic stress, the immune activity changes in the released group, and these changes do not normalize. Therefore, it is important to conduct research towards developing ways to correct toxic stress caused by intense environmental pollution. Naghieva R.Q., Mehdieva A.F., Jafarova A.H.
Abstract: This article is investigating the impact of socio-economic factors in the impact of the Azerbaijani population's nutritional behavior. During the study, was compared the role of nutritional habits, educational habits, age and sex of low, medium and high-income families . The purpose of the study is to further explore the impact of income levels to nutritional behaviors, to offer effective healthy nutrition agents for each social group. The results reveal that socio-economic differences have a significant impact on the habits of nutrition and nutrition problems in the level of income. The article will help to fill new nutrition programs in this area in connection with nutritional behaviors in Azerbaijan. Abyshev A.Z., Agayev E.M., Abyshev R.A., Ivkin D.Yu.
Abstract: The antihypoxic activity of known coumarin derivatives, new synthesized pharmaceutical substances (PS) and the antihypoxant ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate was studied in vivo in various models of acute hypoxia. The most pronounced antihypoxic effect, determined by the survival time of mice in seconds under acute hemic hypoxia, was observed by the substances obtusifol (971,9±158,1 s), PS№4 (1020,0±309,2 s) and №5 (1031,2±188,9 s); under acute histotoxic hypoxia – obtusifol (548,9±110,6 s) and umbelliferone (601,2±113,7 s); under acute normobaric hypoxia with hypercapnia – PS№4 and umbelliferone (2290,0±781,2 s). Mammadov E.E., Babayeva G.H., Nasibova J.A.
Abstract: The problem of Helicobacter pylori infection and associated gastrointestinal tract lesions continues to be a topical issue in the field of gastroenterology. Given the high rates of proximal gastrointestinal tract cancer in our country (in particular, stomach cancer), the study of Helicobacter pylori-associated diseases should be of real interest and is a popular area of national gastroenterology and oncology. Thus, as revealed by the authors as a result of the primary analysis, one of the key problems of seeking medical care among young and middle-aged patients was the manifestations of dyspepsia. The obtained results confirm the choice of non-invasive methods as the main diagnostic principles for dyspepsia. The results provide valuable information for the creation of national screening strategies and opportunities for its improvement, treatment issues, as well as prevention among the local population. Mammadov E.E., Babayeva G.H., Nasibova J.A.
Abstract: The aim of the study – to observe the relationship between serum levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8), C-reactive protein (CRP) and lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Materials and methods. The prospective study involved 122 patients with an established diagnosis of COPD (main group) and 20 patients without this disease and other pulmonary and severe somatic diseases (control group). The selection of patients in the polyclinic was carried out during spontaneous routine or scheduled visits. Selected study participants completed COPD questionnaires (Chronic Airways Diseases, A Guide for Primary Care Physicians, 2005; COPD Assessment Test) and underwent a complete examination, after which they were diagnosed with COPD. Spirometry was performed using a portable ultrasonic spirometer. The level of IL-8 in the blood was determined by ELISA, CRP - immunoturbidimetric method. Results. The average age of patients with COPD was 55.9±4.4 years, men accounted for 59.0%, women – 41.0%, smokers – 57.4%. The indices of FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC in patients with COPD were lower than the control values by 55.72% (p=0.001), 43.23% (p=0.001), and 35.28% (p=0.036), respectively. The concentration of CRP and IL-8 exceeded the control by 66.30% (p=0.015) and 35.33% (p=0.001), respectively. CRP correlated with FEV1 mean feedback (r=-0.699, p<0.01), FVC (r=-0.702, p<0.01) and FEV1/FVC (r=-0.756, p<0.01) strong connection. IL-8 correlated strongly with all parameters of lung function: with FEV1 – r=-0.801 (p<0.001); with FVC – r=-0.711 (p<0.01); with FEV1/FVC – r=-0.730 (p<0.01). Conclusion. The results obtained confirmed elevated levels of inflammatory markers and the presence of a statistically significant strong inverse correlation between these markers and lung function parameters. Further studies are needed to confirm the results and make recommendations for identifying clinical phenotypes. Akhundova I.M., Abuzarov R.M., Salimova N.A., Seyfaddinova M.N.
Abstract: Currently, the fastest way to determine resistance to antituberculotic drugs (ATD) is the method of analyzing mutations associated with drug resistance. However, as studies show, the frequency of mutations involved in the formation of resistance may vary in different regions. For the effective use of molecular biological methods for diagnosing drug resistance, it is necessary to know the frequency of mutations associated with drug resistance in a particular region at a given time. Given the impact of mutational variants on the effectiveness of treatment, the correct selection of chemotherapy in the subsequent treatment of patients with tuberculosis can be considered conceptual. Correction of chemotherapy at an early stage of the disease is more appropriate from a pharmacoeconomic point of view since it is characterized by low cost and comparable effectiveness. Shukurov S.D., Mirzazade V.A.
Abstract: Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of cabergoline treatment in reducing prolactin levels and tumor size in patients with microprolactinoma. Material and Methods. The study included 59 patients diagnosed with microprolactinoma who were treated with cabergoline for 12 months. Clinical and anthropometric parameters were assessed along with prolactin levels at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Tumor size was evaluated via CT at 6 and 12 months. Results. Mean prolactin levels decreased from 147.5 to 5.3 ng/mL over 12 months (p<0.001). The frequency of normoprolactinemia reached 98.3%. Tumor size reduced from 5.1 mm to 1.9 mm; complete tumor regression was observed in 18.6% of patients. Conclusion. Cabergoline is highly effective in treating microprolactinoma, significantly reducing both prolactin levels and tumor volume.
Abstract: Introduction. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a severe orthopedic pathology characterized by joint malformation, pain, deformity, and functional limitation from early ages. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is considered the final treatment option for these patients. However, the impact of dislocation severity—according to the Crowe classification—on postoperative outcomes remains controversial. Objective. This study aims to comparatively analyze postoperative joint range of motion (ROM), functional, clinical, and pain-related outcomes after THA in Crowe type I–III hips and to evaluate the statistical impact of dislocation type on these outcomes. Material and methods. Between 2018 and 2020, 129 patients (135 hips) with dysplastic coxarthrosis underwent THA using the same surgical technique. Patients were divided into three groups according to Crowe types I–III. Preoperative and 6–12 months postoperative evaluations were performed using goniometry, Merle d’Aubigné–Postel (MAP), Harris Hip Score, WOMAC, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and SF-36. Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks, Kruskal–Wallis, Bonferroni correction, and Pearson’s chi-square tests. Results. All Crowe groups showed statistically significant improvement in ROM, functional scores, and health indicators after surgery (p<0.001). The most notable intergroup differences were observed in flexion angle (Crowe III > II), preoperative deformity (Crowe I > II ≈ III), and limb length discrepancy (Crowe I < II < III). Most other parameters demonstrated comparable postoperative outcomes across groups. Conclusion. THA yields successful functional and clinical outcomes in dysplastic hips regardless of Crowe dislocation type. Although higher dislocation degrees are associated with greater preoperative deformity and limb length discrepancy, these differences can be effectively corrected intraoperatively with appropriate surgical technique. Mammadova N.O.
Abstract: Objective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of ischemic stroke in young women aged 18–44, including pregnant and postpartum individuals. Materials and Methods. Based on observations conducted at the Republican Clinical Hospital during 2022–2024, a total of 70 female patients with acute ischemic stroke were included and divided into three groups: pregnant, postpartum, and non-perinatal women. Results. The findings indicated that stroke occurred at a younger age in pregnant and postpartum women and was characterized by a more severe clinical course. Among pregnant women, the occurrence of PRES (Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome), elevated blood pressure, and higher NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) scores were more frequently observed. According to the TOAST classification, the leading etiology in the perinatal period (pregnant and postpartum women) was attributed to other determined causes, whereas large artery atherosclerosis predominated in non-perinatal women. Post-stroke recovery outcomes were relatively better in postpartum women, although this difference was not statistically significant. Hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases were more commonly observed in non-perinatal women. Conclusion. Pregnancy and the postpartum period should be considered important risk periods for ischemic stroke, and early diagnosis and preventive measures should be strengthened in these groups. Gasimova F.N., Nur-Mammadova G.S.
Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects not only joints, but also internal organs. Special attention is paid to cardiovascular and pulmonary complications, which significantly worsen the prognosis and quality of life of patients. Cardiovascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis, myocarditis, and pericarditis are the leading causes of increased mortality in RA. In turn, pulmonary complications include interstitial lung diseases, pleurisy and fibrosis, which also significantly complicates the course of the disease. This article discusses the mechanisms of development, clinical manifestations, and modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of these complications. |
