Mansurova H.T., Bakhishova E.A., Bayramova R.S., Alieva H.M., Seidova G.M., Shikhaliev F.M.
IMPORTANCE OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AND THE ROLE OF THEM IN SOME DISEASES
Abstract: Recent scientific research has shown that the gut microbiota (GM) forms an extensive network connecting the intestines, nervous system, lungs, skin, oral cavity, urinary and reproductive tracts. The relationship between these ecosystems plays an important role in promoting good health and fighting various diseases. The purpose of our study is to determine the significance of uric acid and study the role of dysbiosis in the development of certain chronic (allergic, inflammatory), metabolic (diabetes), autoimmune (Hashimoto's thyroiditis, etc.) and neuropsychiatric diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, autism, etc.) diseases. To study its role in some diseases. Because these diseases are associated with individual microorganisms, they can be treated by targeting the microbiota. At the same time, it has been shown that molecular genetic methods (next generation sequencing, shotgun method, etc.) are the most suitable for studying the composition of the microbiome.
Keywords: gut microbiome, dysbiosis, chronic diseases, next generation sequencing, shotgun method
Pashayeva S.R., Gasimova F.N., Mirzazade V.A.
INSULIN SECRETION AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Abstract: This article reviews recent studies on the role of insulin resistance and insulin secretion in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). Both genetic and environmental factors influencing the development of insulin resistance and insulin deficiency were considered. This review highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of DM2 to develop effective treatment and prevention strategies.
Keywords: diabetes mellitus type 2, β-cells, insulin resistance, insulin secretion, pathogenesis
Akhundova J.N., Gasimov N.V., Soltanova M.J.
THE ROLE OF HORMONAL RECEPTORS IN THE OCCURRENCE OF METASTASES TO THE AXILLARY LYMPH NODES IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER
Abstract: Were studied the as well as the relationship between ultrasound parameters of the tumor and lymph nodes and clinical and morphological characteristics of 184 women with breast cancer (BC) aged 22-75 years, and the level of ER, PR, HER2 and Ki67 receptors on the tumor surface. According to the results of immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor, 142 (77.2%) patients with breast cancer had estrogen receptors (ER+), 115 (62.5%) patients had progesterone receptors (PR+), 41 (22.3%) patients - progesterone receptors (PR+). HER receptors (HER2+) were detected in 137 (74.5%) patients, and the level of Ki67 expression in tumor tissue was higher than 14 (Ki67≥14). It has been established that ER+ tumors are predominantly detected in patients with a G2 differentiation degree and more often metastasize to the bone. Patients with HER2+ tumors have fewer axillary lymph node metastases, especially subclavian lymph nodes, compared with HER2 patients, and have a high metastatic capacity, predominantly to the lungs. In these patients, the shape of metastatic axillary lymph nodes is more spherical, and the level of ER+ and PR+ receptors is low. In patients with Ki67≥14, tumors with a radial contour statistically significantly predominate; a small number of metastases were recorded in the axillary lymph nodes, especially in the supraclavicular lymph nodes. In patients with HER2+ and Ki67≥14, more serious disturbances in the clinical and morphological features of the axillary lymph nodes are observed.
Keywords: breast cancer, ultrasound examination, hormonal receptors, lymph nodes
Gasimzadeh G.Ş., Gasimov N.A.
INFORMATIVENESS OF RADIOLOGICAL IMAGING METHODS OF COMBINED JOINT TRAUMA
Abstract: In a study of 969 patients injured for various reasons, 90 people had joint injury identified using various radioimaging methods. The study carried out a comparative analysis of the information content of radiation research methods in identifying joint damage. When identifying joint injuries resulting from car accidents, an X-ray examination can be considered a more effective research method because of its specificity, and computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations – because of their sensitivity. The specificity of an X-ray examination is 63.2%, sensitivity – 95.7%, CT specificity – 12.5%, sensitivity – 100.0%, MRI sensitivity – 100.0%. When identifying joint injuries, CT can be considered a more informative research method in terms of specificity (80.0%) and sensitivity (100.0%), and MRI – in sensitivity (100.0%). Thus, multislice MRI can provide accurate imaging in a short period of time in identifying images of joints and lesions.
Keywords: joint trauma, X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography
Manafov P.G., Aliyev M.H., Rustamova L.I.
THE ETIOLOGICAL, AGE AND SEASONALITY PECULARITIES OF PSORIASIS AMONG MEN IN BAKU CITY
Abstract: The article presents the results of studying the prevalence, as well as the etiological, age and seasonal characteristics of psoriasis in men in Baku. To this end, in the context of the tasks set, 265 men admitted to the Republican Dermatovenerological Dispensary were examined for the presence of Psoriasis. The average age of the examined was 22.4±4.2 years. The age structure of patients was as follows: up to 18 years – 115 people. (43.4%), 19-24 years old – 120 people. (45.3%), 25-30 years old – 22 men (8.3%) and over 30 years old – 8 people (3.0%). All patients were examined by traditional methods (history taking, general clinical methods, bacteriological, bacterioscopic, and mycological). As a result of the research, it was found that the diagnosis of "Psoriasis" and a positive result of mycological examination were confirmed in 39.2% and 37.7% of cases, respectively. The diagnosis of "Psoriasis" and a positive result of mycological examination most often occurred in the age group under 18 years old - 43.5% and 40.9%. When psoriatic patients were identified, seasonality was not observed.
Keywords: Psoriasis, men, mycological method, bacteriological method, bacterioscopik method
Kazimov M.A., Kazimova V.M.
THE ROLE OF NUTRITION IN THE FORMATION OF THE TOTAL METAL LOAD OF THE ORGANISM
Abstract: In the complex of exogenous chemical substances of natural and anthropogenic origin that enter the composition of food products and food raw materials, the leading place is occupied by heavy metals, which are highly toxic. Excessive intake of these substances into the body with food products of animal and plant origin leads to a number of environmentally related diseases and poisonings among the population. In order to determine and estimate the average daily amount of heavy metals (average daily metal load) entering the body every day, the concentrations of a number of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn) in atmospheric air, drinking water and food products in residential areas were studied area of a highly urbanized city. The amount of heavy metals entering the body in one day with these media was calculated. In total, the results of about 1,200 chemical determinations carried out on 196 samples of air, water and food products were analyzed. It was established, that the total daily intake of the studied metals into the body is 25.6915 mg (0.9317 mg/day with air; 0.1498 mg/day with water; 23.01 mg/day with food). Thus, the role of air, water and nutrition in the formation of the daily total metal load of the body was 3.62%, 0.58% and 95.80%, respectively.
Keywords: heavy metals, nutrition, average daily diet, atmospheric air, drinking water, residential area of the city
Iskandarov E.A., Jalalov M.R., Rzayeva S.T.
STUDY OF TELEMEDICINE AWARENESS OF EMERGENCY HEALTH SYSTEM PERSONNEL
Abstract: Our survey among 2,293 people, consisting mainly of emergency medical personnel, clarified important points. During the analysis it was found that about 60% of the medical personnel have a good information about Telemedicine and more than 80% have a positive attitude to the exchange of information remotely. About 15% of medical workers, mostly elderly people, said that they do not know how to properly use the devices and equipment needed for Telemedicine. Despite the overwhelming majority welcoming the introduction of Telemedicine, only 1/3 of survey respondents have used it in their personal practice. The application of Telemedicine in the cardiovascular system critical conditions has been set as a priority area. All the participants had a positive attitude to the trainings and chose the more effective training type of live trainings in small groups.
Keywords: medical personnel, survey, telemedicine, awareness, trainings
Kurbanova N.F., Abdiyeva Y.D., Maharramova S.M.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF USING SİRELAKS IN COMPLEX THERAPY OF ACCOMMODATION DISORDERS IN CHILDREN WITH MYOPIA
Abstract: The aim of this study is to observe the effectiveness of the parasympathomimetic series medicine – 1% solution of Sirelax (Cyclopentolate hydrochloride) on the accommodative function of children with mild and moderate myopia. The effect of drugs was determined in two groups of, 40 people each, aged 8 to 15 years (mean age 10 years). We selected patients with mild myopia (from -0.75 D to -3.0 D) and moderate (from -3.5 D to -6.0 D) in which accommodation disorders are often noted that contribute to its progression .The study showed good efficacy of the drug used for accommodation disorders in children and adolescents with mild to moderate myopia. However, the use of Sirelax in complex therapy is more effective than in the group of patients where Sirelax was not used.
Keywords: Sirelax, children, akkomodation, myopia
Babayeva G.H., Mahmudov U.R., Mammadov E.E., Guliyev F.V., Verdiyev E.Kh., Machanov U.R., Ibishev R.F., Huseynov H.M., Zalov Z.S.,
Ismayilova S.Y., Hasanov R.A., Ibrahimli H.I., Cano-Català A., Parra P.P., Moreira L., Nyssen O.P., Mégraud F., O'Morain C., Gisbert J.P.
FIRST-LINE THERAPY PRESCRIPTIONS IN AZERBAIJAN: RESULTS FROM THE EUROPEAN REGISTRY ON HELICOBACTER PYLORI MANAGEMENT (HP-EUREG)
Abstract: Background. Gastric lesions associated with Helicobacter pylori, eradication issues in terms of the choice of antibiotics and duration of therapy continue to remain one of the most pressing topics in modern healthcare. Methods. Data were collected from the European Registry on Helicobacter pylori Management (Hp-EuReg) and quality reviewed from January 2020 to May 2023 at AEG-REDCap. All treatment-naïve cases were assessed for choice of regimens and duration, as well as dosing of proton pump inhibitor therapy. Results. The study included 3,898 patients (67% reported dyspepsia). Triple regimens were most often prescribed (82%), the PPI-clarithromycin-amoxicillin scheme being used in 54% of patients. Duration of treatment was of 14 days (56%), 10 days (27%) and 7 days (17%). Conclusion. The prescribed H. pylori eradication regimens during the period 2020–2023 in Azerbaijan adhered partially to the Maastricht recommendations.
Keywords: Hp-EuReg, Helicobacter pylori, antisecretory therapy, first-line treatment, bismuth, eradication rate
Isaev A.B., Sadygova S.F., Nagieva I.A., Bakhtiyarova S.A.
ANALYSIS OF ORGANOLEPTIC AND SOME CHEMICAL INDICATORS OF DRINKING WATER
Abstract: The presented article is devoted to determining the organoleptic and some chemical properties of drinking water in the city of Salyan and comparing the results obtained with regulatory documents. Waters samples were taken from 8 points and delivered to the Hygiene laboratory of the Scientific Research Institute of Medical Prevention named after V.Y. Akhundov. The color of water samples was determined visually and the smell and taste were determined by comparison with of 5-point scale at the sampling site in accordance with the rules established by the standards. During the chemical study, its Ph, total hardness, chloride ions and the amount of dry residue were determined. The research results showed that the organoleptic indicators of water (smell, taste and color) and chemical indicators (Ph-7,4±0,20, total hardness-6,6±0,23mgekv/dm3, removable hardness-2,1±0,06mgekv/dm3, chloride ions-105,0±4,41mg/dm3, dry residue-510,8±23,26mg/dm3) within normal limits.
Keywords: drinking water, organoleptic characteristics, total hardness, chloride ions, dry residue
Hasanova S.S., Aliyeva E.M., Rzayeva A.V., Zeynalova K.P., Pashayeva C.B.
FEATURES OF PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH IN HYPOTONIC BLEEDING DURING EARLY POSTPARTUM PERIOD
Abstract: The aim of the study. Pregnancy and childbirth outcomes of women with hypotonic bleeding during early postpartum period were studied. Material and methods. The results of the pregnancy and, the characteristics of the delivery process of 100 women who had bleeding in the early postpartum period were studied in the conducted research. Results and discussion. The outcomes of pregnancy and the birth process of women with bleeding in early postpartum period were analyzed. As a result of the conducted research, it was determined that 71 (71%) of 100 women had labor at term, and 29 (29%) had premature delivery. The risk factors of bleeding of early postpartum period include caesarean section (90%), premature abruption of a normally located placenta (66%), uterine scar (33%), pathological course of chronic extragenital diseases during pregnancy (35%), moderate and severe preeclampsia, (31%), big fetus (29%). Conclusion. Caesarean section operation itself can be attributed to the high risks of bleeding of early postpartum period.
Keywords: hypotonic bleeding in early postpartum period, caesarean section
Salehov A.A., Janahmedova Sh.N., Khanmirzayev F.I., Huseynov L.M.
BASIC PRINCIPLES AND EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT OF GEOHELMINTHIASIS
Abstract: Geohelminthiasis is one of the most common parasitic diseases among humans. The use of modern drugs makes it possible to successfully treat these intestinal helminthiasis. Despite the widespread use of high-quality antiparasitic drugs in the treatment of geohelminthiasis in recent years and the achievement of certain successful results, a number of problems in this area remain unresolved. It is obvious that as a result of the irrational use of anthelmintic drugs in the treatment of these parasitoses, the formation of resistance in pathogens, quantitative and qualitative changes in the intestinal microflora, weakening of the host's immune system, mixed invasions and other factors have a negative impact on the results of treatment. This reduces the effectiveness of their treatment and prevents the qualitative implementation of rational control measures. Thus, taking into account the above factors, the effectiveness of anthelmintic drugs used in mono- and mixed invasion of geohelminthiasis was studied, and it was found that the most effective drug of choice used in the treatment of them is a group of albendazole drugs.
Keywords: geohelminthiasis, mono- and mixed invasions, treatment regimens, anthelminths, effectiveness
Kerimzade G.E., Movsumov N.T.
ASSESSMENT OF GENDER CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MASTOID SEGMENT FACIAL CANAL OF VARIOUS CRANIOTYPIC SKULLS BASED ON CT IMAGE RESULTS
Abstract: The purpose of the presented study was to study the sexual characteristics of the diameter of the mastoid segment of the facial canal in skulls with different width indices. Material and methods. The study is based on a retrospective analysis of 133 tomograms taken from the archive of the Department of Radiology of the Educational and Surgical Clinic, Department of Radiation Diagnostics and Therapy of the Azerbaijan Medical University. The study material was divided into groups depending on the type of skull and gender. The width index was calculated as a percentage of the width of the skull to the length, determined in sagittal and coronary projections on tomogram sections, and was divided into 3 groups: brachycrane – wide skulls, dolichocrane – long skulls and mesocrane – middle skulls. The figures obtained were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis. The results of the study showed that the difference in the diameter of the mastoid segment in men and women is found in brachycrane-shaped skulls, and the values of diameter indicators are greater in women than in men. In women, the largest diameter on the left side is observed in brachycrane-type skulls, and the smallest diameter is on the same side in mesocrane-type skulls. The difference between the two groups is also significantly observed in women. Thus, a comparison of the brachycrane and dolichocrane types of skulls revealed differences on both sides, and a comparison of the brachycrane and mesocrane types of skulls on the left side. Conclusion. Statistical analysis of the mastoid segment diameter indicators revealed that this indicator differs depending on the type of skull, gender and has a certain degree of asymmetry. Thus, this indicator is higher in women of brachycrane and dolichocrane skulls than in men, and is also accompanied by asymmetry and statistically significant in brachycrane skulls.
Keywords: facial nerve, facial canal, brachycrane, dolichocrane, mesocrane
Hajiyeva S.V., Bakhıshova Y.A., Mansurova H.T., Aliyeva H.M., Javadzade V.N., Vakilova G.F.
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF PLANT-DERIVED ESSENTIAL OILS ON DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI
Abstract: The article is dedicated to the search for alternative methods of treating Helicobacter pylori infection. Studying the effects of plant-derived essential oils on the treatment of helicobacteriosis is a relevant topic in the modern period. Our research has investigated the efficacy of cumin essential oil, in various ethanol dilutions, in the treatment of helicobacteriosis. These studies open up broad prospects for the use of these agents in medicine for the treatment and prevention of this disease.
Keywords: H.pylori, Cumin essential oil, resistance
Isayev J.I., Jafarova Sh.B.
THE STUDY OF FLAVONOIDS IN THE PLANT MATERIAL OF ONOBRYCHIS BOBROVII GROSSH
Abstract: Sainfoin (Onobrychis) is a genus of the legume family that is notable for its high species diversity. The plant O. bobrovii is one of the most widespread species of the genus sainfoin in Azerbaijan, exhibiting a wide range and substantial raw material base. A chromatographic and identititative analysis of flavonoids obtained from the grass of this plant was conducted. The spectrophotometric method also revealed that the grass of O. bobrovii contains 4.34% flavonoids. As with other types of sainfoin, O. bobrovii represents a promising source for the production of individual flavonoids, and further studies are currently underway to develop new dosage forms based on isolated flavonoids.
Keywords: Onobrychis bobrovii Grossh., flavonoids, qualitative reactions, chromatographic
