SUMMARY
Pathological tooth wear is one of the most common non-carious lesions of hard dental tissues and represents a multifactorial process characterized by accelerated loss of enamel and dentin. Its development is associated with the combined influence of mechanical, chemical, and functional factors, including abrasion, erosion, attrition, increased occlusal load, as well as disturbances in neuromuscular regulation and imbalance of occlusal contacts. In clinical practice, this condition is often accompanied by functional disorders of the temporomandibular joint, manifested by pain, restricted mandibular movement, and muscle hypertonicity, which negatively affect masticatory function, aesthetics, and patients’ quality of life. Modern prosthodontic treatment is regarded as a comprehensive step-by-step process that includes functional diagnostics and occlusal correction. An important stage is the use of occlusal splints, which provide temporary unloading of the dentoalveolar system, reduce muscular hyperactivity, and facilitate adaptation of the temporomandibular joint. Their application contributes to clinical stabilization, slows the progression of pathological wear, and optimizes subsequent prosthetic rehabilitation.
Keywords: pathological tooth wear, occlusal splints, clinical and laboratory rationale, masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joint, occlusion

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