STATISTICS
| No.3 (41) | 2025 Shahmuradov R.R., Arkhmammadova G.M., Zeynalova N.V.
Abstract: Pathological tooth wear is one of the most common non-carious lesions of hard dental tissues and represents a multifactorial process characterized by accelerated loss of enamel and dentin. Its development is associated with the combined influence of mechanical, chemical, and functional factors, including abrasion, erosion, attrition, increased occlusal load, as well as disturbances in neuromuscular regulation and imbalance of occlusal contacts. In clinical practice, this condition is often accompanied by functional disorders of the temporomandibular joint, manifested by pain, restricted mandibular movement, and muscle hypertonicity, which negatively affect masticatory function, aesthetics, and patients’ quality of life. Modern prosthodontic treatment is regarded as a comprehensive step-by-step process that includes functional diagnostics and occlusal correction. An important stage is the use of occlusal splints, which provide temporary unloading of the dentoalveolar system, reduce muscular hyperactivity, and facilitate adaptation of the temporomandibular joint. Their application contributes to clinical stabilization, slows the progression of pathological wear, and optimizes subsequent prosthetic rehabilitation. Salahova S. Sh.
Abstract: Objective and standardized assessment of complications after abdominal surgical procedures is essential for comparing surgical outcomes and improving the quality of care. The aim of this review is to analyze the clinical application of the main classification systems used to evaluate postoperative complications. The review examines the principles of development, advantages, and limitations of the Clavien–Dindo classification, the Accordion Severity Grading System, and the Comprehensive Complication Index in a comparative manner. The findings indicate that the appropriate use of different classification approaches allows for a more accurate evaluation of postoperative outcomes and contributes to improved surgical care quality. Huseynli R., Musayev E.R., Jafarli I.E., Ashrafov D.S.
Abstract: Modern dentistry is undergoing a phase of intensive technological and methodological development, which opens new opportunities for the restoration of missing teeth in edentulous patients. The implementation of intraosseous implantation of artificial supports for dental prostheses has become a key approach, allowing not only the restoration of masticatory function but also the improvement of aesthetic outcomes, which positively affects the overall quality of life of patients. The integration of innovative surgical techniques with contemporary prosthetic approaches ensures more precise implant placement, minimizes the risk of complications, and facilitates a faster rehabilitation process. The development of new implant systems, including modified surfaces and biocompatible materials, significantly enhances the stability of osseointegration and the longevity of prosthetic constructions. The use of digital technologies, such as 3D modeling, computer-assisted implant planning, and the fabrication of individualized prostheses, allows for personalized solutions tailored to the anatomical features of each patient. The combination of these approaches ensures comprehensive restoration of dental function and increases the predictability of treatment outcomes. Contemporary scientific research and clinical practice demonstrate that the implementation of combined treatment methods using new technologies significantly improves the quality of comprehensive dental rehabilitation. Enhancing the durability of implant systems, reducing the risk of complications, and optimizing prosthetic procedures contribute to increased patient satisfaction and the establishment of new standards of dental care focused on personalized treatment and the maximal integration of modern technologies into clinical practice. Nazirova V.B., Ahmedova Z.G.
Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke, remain major global health challenges, contributing significantly to mortality and disability. Recent advances in molecular genetics, including Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), have identified genetic factors that influence CVD susceptibility. A key marker is the fibrinogen gene (FGB), with polymorphisms like G (-455) A linked to increased fibrinogen levels, a major risk factor for thrombosis and CVD. Studies have shown that the FGB-455G/A polymorphism is associated with higher risks of ischemic heart disease and stroke, especially in Asian populations. Understanding these genetic markers enables early identification of high-risk individuals, paving the way for personalized prevention and treatment strategies. Overall, genetic insights into CVDs offer new opportunities for targeted interventions to reduce disease incidence and improve outcomes. Aliyeva A.Z., Sultanova S.S., Mirzazade V.A.
Abstract: The sharp increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications leads to an extremely high level of severity of this disease. Therefore, early detection of DM will undoubtedly affect the expected increase in the number of cases in the future. In recent decades, the use of questionnaires has been widely used in the diagnosis of DM. However, the number of questionnaires for the detection of prediabetes is very small. The aim of the presented article is to identify new indicators for screening not only DM but also prediabetes, and to study the interrelationship between these indicators. Material and Methods. The study included anamnestic and anthropometric data of 182 people, as well as the participation of each person undergoing examination in various questionnaires. Then, statistical analysis was conducted, and the relationship between the results of laboratory examinations and the indicators of the participants in the study was studied. As a result, age, waist circumference, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, arterial hypertension in history, high blood glucose in the absence of diabetes, gestational diabetes in history, the incidence of diabetes in first-degree relatives, and physical activity level were included in the new questionnaire. Results. Based on statistical calculations, the use of new indicators, namely the fasting glucose index and the calculated glucose tolerance test two hours after the glucose index, was taught. The use of cut-off points for both indices allowed to detect 100% of patients with diabetes, 67-69% of prediabetes, 83-85% of people with normal carbohydrate metabolism. Conclusion. The newly created indices, which are considered innovative in the modernizing and globalizing world, will be used as an online calculator and its use will be available to everyone online. Kamilova N.M., Mirzayeva Kh.M., Mursalova S.A.
Abstract: Objective. To assess the condition of the uterine scar after cesarean section based on a comprehensive clinical and instrumental evaluation and to determine the optimal mode of delivery. Materials and Methods. A total of 29 pregnant women with a uterine scar at a gestational age of 33–36 weeks were examined. The diagnostic program included clinical and anamnestic assessment, obstetric examination, ultrasonographic evaluation of scar thickness and structure, Doppler assessment of uteroplacental blood flow, cardiotocography, and postpartum hysteroscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 with descriptive statistical methods. Qualitative variables were presented as absolute values and percentages (%). Results. The mean age of the patients was 28.6 years. All women had a history of one previous cesarean section. The most common pregnancy complications were iron-deficiency anemia (86.2%), threatened miscarriage (13.8%), and preeclampsia (10.3%). In the majority of cases, the uterine scar thickness ranged from 3 to 7 mm and was characterized by smooth contours and homogeneous echostructure; signs of functional scar insufficiency were identified in 3 patients. Vaginal delivery was achieved in 89.7% of cases. The findings confirm that scar thickness alone is not a sufficient criterion for scar integrity and should be evaluated in combination with clinical and Doppler parameters. Conclusion. A comprehensive assessment of the uterine scar condition enables individualized decision-making regarding the mode of delivery and allows for the safe expansion of indications for vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). Isayeva M.M.
Abstract: Background. Acute intestinal infections of viral etiology represent a significant public health concern, particularly in children. This study aimed to characterize the etiological structure and epidemiological features of viral intestinal infections among pediatric patients in Baku, Azerbaijan. Material and methods. A total of 411 children aged 0–18 years admitted with intestinal infection of unknown etiology were examined between 2018 and 2020. Fecal samples were tested for rotavirus group A, adenovirus serotypes 40/41, and human astrovirus (HAstV) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; R-Biopharm RIDASCREEN, Germany). Descriptive, evaluative, and analytical epidemiological methods were applied. Results. Intestinal viruses were identified in 56.2% of patients. Monoviral infection was detected in 32.6% of children, and mixed viral infection in 23.6%. Among monoviral cases, adenovirus 40/41 predominated (38.8%), followed by HAstV (36.6%) and rotavirus group A (24.6%). The highest overall detection rate was observed in the 1–3 year age group (73.6%). Boys showed slightly higher infection rates than girls. Seasonal analysis revealed rotavirus predominance in spring-summer, adenovirus in summer, and astrovirus in winter. The epidemic process for each pathogen demonstrated distinct cyclical patterns throughout the year. Conclusions. Adenovirus serotypes 40/41 were the leading etiologic agent of viral intestinal infections in Baku city children. Children aged 1–3 years were most affected. These findings underscore the need for enhanced viral surveillance and targeted preventive strategies in pediatric populations. Huseynov N.M., Guliyev M.D., Afandiyev A.Z.
Abstract: Objective. Deviated nasal septum is one of the most common causes of nasal obstruction in children, often associated with both functional and aesthetic problems. Material and methods. This study evaluates the effectiveness of aesthetic septoplasty, performed in children with severe septal deviation and external nasal deformity. Fifty-four patients aged between 6 and 15 years underwent surgery under general anesthesia using a closed preservation subtotal septal reconstruction technique. All procedures were successful, with only one case of mild nasal vestibulitis resolved with antibiotic therapy. Results. The study found that, consistent with the literature, the most commonly encountered indication was nasal obstruction. At the same time, external nasal deformities resulting from trauma were also noted in these patients. Conclusions. After the operations, patients achieved satisfactory results in both functional and aesthetic terms. Mahmudbeyova Z.F.
Abstract: Background. Thrombocytopenia is a common complication in pregnancy, associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of thrombocytopenia in pregnant women and to assess its impact on maternal and fetal outcomes. Material and methods. Fifty-four pregnant women with platelet counts below 150×10³/μL, observed within 100 days prior to delivery, were enrolled. All patients underwent complete blood count with peripheral smear, liver function tests, coagulation profile (PT, aPTT), antinuclear antibodies, viral serology (hepatitis B, C, HIV), and urinalysis. Abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography was performed in all cases. Thrombocytopenia was classified as mild (100–149×10³/μL), moderate (50–99×10³/μL), or severe (<50×10³/μL). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.22; Student's t-test and Pearson's χ² test were applied (p<0.05). Results. Fifty-four pregnant women aged 21–38 years (mean age 28.8±3.16 years) with platelet counts below 150×10³/μL were included. The most common cause of thrombocytopenia was gestational thrombocytopenia (58.6%), followed by preeclampsia (22.2%) and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (7.4%). By severity: mild thrombocytopenia in 59.3%, moderate in 25.9%, and severe in 14.8% of patients. Mode of delivery: vaginal delivery in 53.7%; caesarean section in 46.3%. Maternal complications: postpartum hemorrhage (16.7%), episiotomy hematoma (9.2%), placental abruption (7.4%). No maternal deaths were recorded. Neonatal outcomes: low birth weight (18.5%; mean weight 2.52±0.30 kg), intrauterine growth restriction (15%), NICU admission (18.5%). Conclusion. Gestational thrombocytopenia is the leading cause of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy; however, other significant causes — including preeclampsia, ITP, and HELLP syndrome — must be systematically excluded. Thorough history-taking, laboratory workup including peripheral blood smear analysis, and close antenatal monitoring of platelet counts are essential components of management. Aliyev R.R.
Abstract: Introduction. Multiple sclerosis (MS) phenotype transition, is a clinically important milestone with implications for prognosis and treatment. The objective of this study was to examine MS phenotype transitions and associated factors in Azerbaijan. Material and methods. A longitudinal analysis (2013–2022) included patients diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) in Azerbaijan (67 and 1397 patients accordingly). Phenotype transition was defined as CIS→RRMS or RRMS→secondary progressive MS (SPMS). Statistical analyses were performed using the Pearson chi-square test and the Mann–Whitney U test. Associations were evaluated using univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression in a cohort with complete baseline and follow-up data (n=408). Results. During follow-up, 378 patients (25.8%) changed phenotype. CIS→RRMS occurred in 70.1% of CIS cases (47) and RRMS→SPMS in 23.7% of RRMS cases (331). Phenotype change was more common after CIS than after RRMS (p<0.001). Median time was shorter in CIS than RRMS (p<0.001). Overall, univariable analyses identified candidate predictors of phenotype transition for inclusion in the multivariable logistic regression model. In the multivariable model, 24-month disease-modifying therapy (DMT) adherence and disease duration ≤10 years were associated with lower odds of phenotype change (p<0.001). No relapse in the first year and absence of sensory symptoms were associated with higher odds (p<0.001 and p=0.010), whereas absence of speech disturbance was associated with lower odds (p=0.019). Conclusion. One quarter of patients transitioned between MS phenotypes, earlier after CIS. DMT adherence and selected baseline clinical features were independently associated with phenotype change, supporting risk-stratified follow-up and treatment optimization. Karimli N.K.
Abstract: Gingivitis, the early stage of periodontitis, is the most common gum disease that affects the periodontium of women during pregnancy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined use of Traumeel S ointment and “Lesnoy Balsam” mouthwash for the prevention of gingivitis in pregnant women. Materials and Methods. The study included 45 pregnant women aged 18–35 years. The pregnant women were divided on 3 groups: group I – hygiene+ rinsing with chlorhexidine; group II – hygiene + rinsing with "Lesnoy Balsam"; group III – hygiene + "Lesnoy Balsam" and "Traumeel S" ointment. The study was conducted in the second and third trimesters. Results. The assessment of oral hygiene using the OHI-S index showed a significant improvement in all observed groups. Comparison of the PMA index values between trimesters showed that the level of inflammation in the third trimester compared to the second trimester in group I decreased by 25.7% (P<0.001), in group II – by 58.8% (P<0.001) and in group III decreased by 87.6% (P<0.001). Analysis of the SBI index value in the third trimester between groups II and III showed reliable differences (P=0.0179). Conclusion. The inclusion of Traumeel S and “Lesnoy Balsam” phytocomplex in the preventive regimen had a modulating effect on inflammatory processes in the oral cavity, reduced the severity of gingivitis, and contributed to an overall improvement in the gum condition. Kazimova A.U., Rustamova M.F., Medjidova U.M., Sadlinski E.A.
Abstract: Goal. To study the comparative influence of representatives of different chemical groups of CA on histomorphological changes in the ovaries of female white rats. Material and methods. The control group was administered 0.2 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution daily, the experimental animals were administered verapamil at a dose of 5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, nifedipine at a dose of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, and diltiazem at a dose of 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg. After 21 days, the animals were decapitated, ovaries were removed and were fixed in 10% formalin solution, were clarified in xylene, paraffinized and formed into blocks. Sections of 5 microns thickness were prepared from the blocks using a microtome (Leica RM 2125 RTS, Germany). Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (Merck, Germany). The preparations were examined under a light microscope (Leica DM 750, Germany). Changes were recorded using a camera attached to the microscope (Leica ICC 50, Germany). Results. Verapamil at a dose of 5 mg/kg, the number of preantral follicles was (2.3±0.4), which is 16.7% (p>0.05) less compared to the control group. The number of antral follicles was (7.4 ± 0.6), which is 42% less (p < 0.05). In the group of nifedipine (5 mg / kg), the quantitative indices of antral and preantral follicles decreased by 28.5% and 21%, respectively. In the group receiving nifedipine (10 mg/kg), this reduction was 71% compared to the control group and was 16.7% higher than in the group receiving verapamil (p>0.05). In females receiving diltiazem (20 mg/kg), the number of preantral follicles decreased by 41.7% compared to the control group (p>0.05). Conclusion. Has been founded potential negative impact of verapamil, as well as diltiazem, on the ovaries, and when high doses are required, the advantage of the nifedipine in this aspect has been determined. Murshudova G.E., Guliyeva Z.M., Rustamova L.I.
Abstract: This article describes a clinical case of “peritoneal epithelial mesothelioma” detected in a 15-year-old boy. After the required clinical-laboratory, cytological, instrumental and radiological examinations were performed in the observed patient, the diagnosis of “peritoneal epithelial mesothelioma” was confirmed. After the operation, the patient was recommended to undergo dynamic monitoring once every 3 months. In addition, examination and observation should be carried out once every 6 months for 5 years. Mandatory diagnostic examination procedures include chest computed tomography, cytological, abdominal X-ray examination and biochemical examinations. Javadzade V.N., Isayev J.P., Hajiyeva S.V., Karimova G.A., Muradova S.A., Vakilova G.F.
Abstract: The article provides information on the microbiological characteristics of intestinal dysbiosis, the benefits of normal intestinal microflora for the human body, the degree of dysbiosis, classification, clinical syndromes and diagnostic principles. Dysbiosis is a pathological condition accompanied by quantitative and qualitative changes in intestinal microorganisms. Dysbiosis is mainly observed with dyspeptic syndrome, and sometimes it can manifest itself with sepsis. Mammadli I.A., Novruzov R.S., Mammadova F.A.
Abstract: The presented article is intended as a methodological and clinically useful source of information for practicing dentists by systematizing the pathogenesis, clinical classification, and modern aesthetic treatment strategies of tetracycline-induced tooth discoloration based on the scientific literature. We hope that this study will contribute to a deeper understanding of the topic and the implementation of rational treatment approaches. Gasimova F.N., Babayeva S.N., Sadigova G.S., Murshudlu N.A.
Abstract: Axial spondyloarthritis, including ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis, belongs to the group of chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases and primarily affects the sacroiliac joints and the spine. In the early stages of the disease, clinical manifestations are often non-specific, making imaging modalities crucial for diagnosis. This article provides a detailed analysis of the role of radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and ultrasonography in the diagnosis and monitoring of axial spondyloarthritis. |
