SUMMARY
The article presents the results of assessing the state of bone mineral density (BMD) in women with early menopause and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) using ultrasound densitometry and the characteristics of changes in bone mass in these groups. The study included 21 patients with early menopause (Group I), 55 patients with POI (Group II), and 20 women of reproductive age with a regular menstrual cycle (control group). Analysis of the structure of changes in bone mineral density showed that among women in group I, normal bone density was detected in 4.8% of patients, and among women in group II, in 27.3% of patients (p=0.032). Osteopenia was detected in 85.7% of women in group I and in 58.2% of women in group II (p=0.024); osteoporosis was detected in 9.5% of patients in group I and in 14.5% of patients in group II (p=0.563). In women with early menopause and POI, a decrease in bone mineral density was found, predominantly in the range of osteopenic T-score values. The incidence of osteoporosis was comparable in both groups, but women with early menopause tended to have lower Z-score values. The obtained results highlight the need for early diagnosis of bone mineral density disorders and prevention of osteoporosis in women with hypoestrogenic conditions, especially with early onset of menopause.
Keywords: bone mineral density, ultrasound densitometry, early menopause, osteoporosis, estrogen deficiency

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